70 LAND AND FRESHWATER 



Durgella cleTcJianensis, where a second lobe had grown out above the 

 normal one. Although I have now examined many hundreds of 

 these animals, it is the first case that has come before me. Accidental 

 variation of this nature is now and then presented in the radula, 

 where one of the teeth will show a decided and unusual outline, 

 which, commencing in its embryonic development, is repeated in 

 every succeeding tooth. 



The foundation on which investigation of the anatomy of the 

 Indian land-mollusca rests will always be the laborious work of 

 Semper ; yet, as is usual with work of this kind, all the requisite 

 material not being at hand, it could never be completed by him. 

 Thus we find that Semper in 1870 described the anatomy of a few 

 shells from Peninsular India, but nothing has been done since. I 

 have been fortunate of late in obtaining some material from Bombay 

 and Madras, which I hope will enable me to advance the 

 classification of our Indian land-shells. I have to thank Mr. Phip- 

 son, of Bombay, and Dr. Thurston, of Madras, for the shells they 

 collected for me in spirits ; and I must not forget similar assistance 

 aftbrded by Mr. W. T. Blanford and Colonel K. Beddome out of 

 their collections. I propose to treat first of the genus Ilemiplecta, 

 w hich Semper did not recognize, and then some species of the genus 

 Xesfa, a genus in which he included a number of species having a 

 wide range and many different characters. 



Family ZONITID^. 



Genus Hemiplecta. 



J. C. Albers, Die Heliceen, p. 60 (1850). 



J. C. Albers, from his MSS. Die Heliceen, 2nd edit, by Ed. von 

 Martens, p. 52 (1861). 



H. & A. Adams, Gen. of Eecent MoUusca, p. 222 (1858). 



W. Theobald, Suppl. Cat. Land & Freshwater SheUs of Brit. 

 India, pp. 4, 5, & 21 (1876). 



G. N^evill, Hand-list of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 

 p. 46 (1878). 



H. H. Godwin-Austen, Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 155 (1880). 



L. Pfeiff'er, posthumous edit. S. Clessin, Nomenclator Heliceorum 

 viventium, p. 48 (1881). 



Geo. Tryon, Jr., Manual of Conchology, Zonitidae, p. 35 (1886). 



In the ' Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,' 1880, p. 155, 

 in a paper on drawings of the animals of various genera left to us 

 by Ferd. Stoliczka, I gave a list of the species jdaced in the genus 

 Hemiplecta by diff'erent conchologists, but based only on shell- 



