132 LAND AND FEESHWATER 



Khasiella will include the following species : — 



K. vidua, W. T. Blf. Assam Hills. 



K. climactenca, Benson. Teria Ghat, typical locality. 



K. citriiis, G.-A. JSTaga Hills. 



K. austeni, W. T. Blf. Garo Hills. 



K. serrula, Benson. Khasi Hills. 



K. ? ornatissima, Benson. Darjiling. 



= siifmiissa, Benson. 

 K. ? falcata, W. T. Blf. Garo Hills. 

 K. ? aratci, W. T. Blf. Burmah. 

 K.? pansa, Bs. Burmah. 



Notes on the Spermatojiliore. 



A sufficient number of spermatophores have now been found 

 and drawn, from which some estimate of their morphological value 

 may be formed, and I drew attention to this in my Address to the 

 Malacological Society, 1899: — ''These structures will accentuate 

 the value of certain main groups when the time comes to decide 

 upon them." A detailed description of the forms they present 

 may be interesting. The spermatophore adds another character 

 which should be sought, if possible ; for although, in closely- 

 allied species, the general form will no doubt be found constant, 

 yet the proportion of the diflFerent parts to one another, making 

 up the whole structure, are likely to differ. It is in a generic 

 sense that these interesting and beautifully-formed secretory bodies 

 wiU be morphologically interesting, and prove, I think, of greater 

 assistance than might be supposed in unravelling the successive 

 development of the different groups of Indian Land Mollusea, 

 particularly the Zonitidae. 



A distinction must be made between the form the spermatophore 

 presents when found complete in the spermatheca, and those more 

 closely packed in the flagellum of the male organ or on their passage 

 down the same. The first-mentioned position is perhaps the most 

 common one in which they may be observed, and I find they fall 

 into well-marked groups. 



It becomes necessary to give a description of the general form of 

 a zonitoid spermatophore and create terms for the different sections, 

 which I do not think has yet been done. I have referred to them 

 previously in this work in Vol. I. at pp. 108, 109, & 230 ; Vol. II. 

 pp. 79 & 80 ; and in the P. Z. S. 1880. 



The posterior part consists of a more or less lengthened sac (the 

 capsule) having a hard conical or oval extremity (posterior), an ex- 

 pansion of the thin tube which, further back, fills the inside of the 

 vas deferens. The periphery of the cap or end merges into the thin 

 transparent membrane forming the sac ; this, again, below narrows 

 suddenly, and the sides of the capsule are attached to a hard gutter- 

 like portion, which may be likened to a narrow strap with its edges 

 turned in more or less. This part may be called the " flume," as it 



