MOLLUSCA. OF INDIA, 319 



plants of all kinds from fruit trees to flowers, and thus this 

 ]>artictilar species may have come from some far northern area, 

 yet to be discovered. 



The genus Zonitoides, represented by nitidns, has an enormous 

 range {I. c. fig. 198, Geographical Distribution), south to the 

 Mediterranean, eastward to the Caucasus and Siberia, Northern 

 India, Kashmir, north of the Pir Panjal (Theobald), Little Thibet, 

 and Ladak. So that the species from Ceylon, with its anatomy the 

 same as in Z. excavatus, may have any part of the above area as its 



home. 



In tho Calcutta Museum Nevill records a specimen of nitidus, 

 sent to him by Dr. J. C. Cox from I\^ew South Wales, and no doubt 

 the same species has been introduced into many other parts of the 

 world. 



In Ceylon Z. 7wtnhilis would appear to he local, for I can only 

 trace it to Watawala (Collett) typical, and those I have lately 

 examined from Ambagamua (ColhttT). Whether it is more 

 generally distributed in the island is of conBiderable importance. 

 Jf this should be the case, and we could without doubt assume it 

 to be an indigenous genus, it would be a most remarkable example 

 of Geographical Distribution, one hardly possible to explain in 

 relation with the predominant fauna and flora, and on geological 

 evidence of past land extension. 



Genus Pakvatella, W. T. Blanford. 



Elanford. Faun. Brit. Ind., Mollusca, p. 145 (1908). Type, 

 Jf.emui(/i, Ptv. 



Mange. Western Himalayas of Kashmir. 



(Continued from Moll. Ind. Vol. I. p. 21G.) 



Parvatella atjstesiana, G. Kevill. (Plate CL. figs. 1-1 g.) 

 Moll. Ind. vol. i. p. 215 (included in MacrocMamys). See 

 synonymy and original description: Blanf. & G.-A., Faun. Brit. 

 Ind., Moll. p. 148(1908). 



Having recently received from the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 

 through the kindness of Dr. N. Annandale, the s])irit-specimens 

 (Nos. 5479-82) collected by Ferdinand Stoliczka when passing 

 through Sonamurg attached to the Second Yarkand Mission, I am 

 able after so many years to give a few notes on the anatomy of 

 this species, described by Nevill in the 'Scientific Pesults.' The 

 spirit unfortunately evaporated, but after long soaking it left one 

 large specimen, the shell of which is 19-25 mm. in major diameter, 

 in a good state for examination. The anatomy agiees with that of 

 Parvatella fiemingi in every way. The large amatorial organ 

 (fig. 1 d) in the penis, the disc-like coil to the side of which the 

 retractor muscle is attached, is cons])icuous (fig. 1 c). The sperma- 

 theca is short. The left shell-lobe small, narrow, and pointed 

 (fig. lb). There Avere alto with the above large specimens t wo 



