334 LAND AND FEESHAVATER 



example, A. strangulains (PI. CXXXVI. figs. 1, 1 «), which has 

 been placed in Charax, and compare it with A. hehes (PI. CXLV. 

 tigs. 5-5 b), the type. The ridge crossing the whorl is in a 

 difierent position with respect to the aperture, and differs altogether 

 in its shape ; much the same can be said of other species placed in 

 Charax. Blanford made A. stranr/alcitus the type of his Section VII. 

 and he says very truly (bottom of p. 458, A. M. X. H. June 1864) 

 concerning the constriction : " That it may be doubted whether 

 the form of this one portion of the shell is sufficient for a division 

 of the genus." It seems the best course not to use the character 

 in this sense in this monograph of the liritish Indian species, so 

 great is the variation of other parts. 



Gray's type of the genus — A. c/ibhus, Fer. (PI. CLYI. figs. 5, 

 5 a), from Cochin China — has only one representative (A. pyra- 

 midalis, Es.) in Tenasserim. Species are very restricted in their 

 geographical distribution ; every fresh area produces new forms, 

 different to any seen before, recently well exemplified in the 

 species discovered by Lieut. G. F. T. Gates, R.E., in the Abor 

 Hills, Assam, and far up the Tsanspu valley. One of these is 

 so diverse in structure from all known to me before that a new 

 subgenus becomes necessary for its reception, which I name 

 Kaptoviphalus and describe further on. It will be interesting to 

 see what may be the extent of its range and what direction it may 

 take from lat. 28° 30' and long. 95° 15'. 



I must refer now to what I wrote after Dioryx in vol. i. p. 187 

 (1886) : " Another well-marked section quite as worthy of sub- 

 generic distinction is Xo. II. of Blanford " (1864), by him un- 

 named, although described and the type A. constridits specified. 



Original description : — ■" Shell perforated, ovately conical, sculp- 

 ture consisting of very few ribs on the inflated portion of the 

 shell ; sutural tube very short " ; and in this section he placed con- 

 strictus, Bs., bembex, Bs., otipJiorus, Bs.- — all from Darjiling, and 

 grapJiicus, Blf., from Arakan. 



For this section I propose the name 



Subgenus Ctcloeyx, nov. 



Shell perforate, ovately conoid, sculpture generally consisting of 

 distant, fine, regular costulation on the upper whorls, stronger and 

 closer on the short inflated portion of the last. Sutural tube 

 extremely short, or as often clubbed or pear-shaped. 



I have a paper left me by Wm. Blanford, never published, with 

 the title " Xotes on the Land-Shells of Darjiling." It contains 

 some interesting remarks. Many species are described very fully 

 in Latin, and several MS. names occur which never became estab- 

 lished. I infer the paper was never published, because these 

 species were at about the same period described by Benson. Quite 

 at the end of the paper he says : " Generally the most marked 

 character of the fauna is the ver}' large number of representatives 



