110 New York Fern 
pubescence and cilia consisting of minute straight whitish hairs: 
texture thin, herbaceous: color light subdued green. 
Venation pinnate, free: primary branches of midveins of 
pinne’s segments simple or a few, especially in toothed segments, 
once-forked or bearing several branches. 
Sori minute, mostly submarginal, variously placed on vein- 
lets: indusia delicate, whitish, bearing on margin, and sometimes 
sparingly on surface, minute yellowish globules or glands, often 
also a few short, straight, whitish hairs. 
Spores ovoid-reniform, muricate, with more or less of a semi- 
transparent border or wing along the slightly hollowed side. 
Habitat. Woodlands and copses. 
Range. Newfoundland to Ontario and Minnesota, south to 
northern Georgia, Alabama, and Arkansas. 
Dryopteris noveboracensis (L.). A. Gray, Manual, ed. 1. 630. 1848. 
Polypodium noveboracense. L. Sp. Pl. rogt. 1753. 
Nephrodium noveboracense. Desy. Ann. Soc. Linn. 6: 257. 1827. 
Aspidium noveboracense Swartz, Schrad. Jour. Bot. 1800°. 38. 18or. 
THE development of the form of the leaf of Dryopteris 
noveboracensis can be readily seen from Pls. XXVI, XXVII. 
It will be noticed that the tapering of the base of the leaf-blade, 
which is so marked a characteristic of the mature leaf, is lack- 
ing at first, and is produced later by a combination of extreme 
although gradual development of the principal pinne and very 
slight development of the lower. In the leaf-development of the 
nearly related Dryopteris simulata, the development of the prin- 
cipal pinnz and the lower pinne is more uniform and a differ- 
ent shape is thus given to the leaf. 
