Spinulose Fern 127 
Habitat. Woods, dry or damp, swamps, stone-walls, and 
shaded hillsides. Often on crumbling logs or beneath ever- 
greens. 
Range. Labrador to Alaska, south to North Carolina and 
Tennessee. 
Dryopteris spinulosa intermedia (Muhlenberg). Underwood, “Our Na- 
tive Ferns,” ed. 4.116. 1893. 
Aspidium intermedium Muhlenberg. Willdenow, Sp. Pl., 5: 262. 1810. 
Dryopteris intermedia. A. Gray, Manual, ed. 1. 630. 1848. 
Aspidium spinulosum var. intermedium. D. C. Eaton in A. Gray, Man- 
ual, ed. 5. 665. 1867. 
Nephrodium spinulosum var. intermedium. Davenport, Rhodora, 4: 53. 
1902. 
Younc plants of Dryopteris spinulosa intermedia are often to 
be seen on old logs and stumps in wet woodlands. 
The leaf is often deltoid at an early stage of develop- 
ment, but usually changes in shape later; in what way can be 
seen from Pls. XXXITI-XXXV. 
The venation is pinnate. With rare exceptions each tooth 
or simple lobe of the leaf-blade contains a veinlet. For instance: 
in a leaf-blade consisting of two simple lobes, such as Pl. XXXII, 
Fig. 1, represents, the primary midvein of the blade does not ex- 
tend beyond two simple basal primary branches, each of which 
occupies one of the lobes: in a blade consisting of three simple 
lobes, a simple veinlet from its midvein occupies each of the lobes: 
if a lobe is two-toothed, which is often the case in different stages 
of the leaf’s development, the vein belonging to that lobe has 
two simple branches, each of which occupies one of the teeth. 
It cannot be said, however, that with rare exceptions each 
veinlet of the leaf-blade ends within a tooth or simple lobe. For 
instance, in the mature leaves the incisions, by means of which 
