LITTORINA. 29 



L. LiTTOKEA, Linnseus. 



Solid, not smooth, yet rarely ridged ; whorls not rounded, but 

 more or less flattened. Base and pillar not so produced, and 

 aperture not so filled up anteriorly as in rudis. Outer lip joining 

 the body at an acute angle, and more arched below than above : 

 pillar lip not peculiarly broad, usually white, its inner edge for 

 the most part well arcuated. 



Plate LXXXIII. fig. 7, 8, and (Animal) Plate G. G. fig. 3. 



Lister, Anira. Angl. pi. 3, f. 9 ; Hist. Conch, pi. 585, f. 43. 



Turbo liitoreiis, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, p. 1232. — Penn. Brit. Zool. ed. 4, 



vol. iv. p. 128, pi. 81, f. 109.— Da Costa, Brit. Conch, p. 98, 



pi. 6, f. 1. — PuLTENEY, Hutchins, Hist. Dorset, p. 45 (partly). 



— DoNOV. Brit. Shells, vol. i. pi. 33, f. 1.— Mont. Test. Brit, 



vol. ii. p. 301. — Maton and Rack. Trans. Linn. Soc. vohviii. 



p. 158. — Rack. Dorset Catalog, p. 49, pi. 17, f. 1. — Turt. 



Conch. Diction, p. 196. — Fleming, Brit. Animals, p. 298. — 



Macgilliv. Moll. Aberd. p. 1 36. — Brit. Marine Conch, p. 165. 



— BoRN,TestaceaMus. Caes. p. 341,pl. 12,f. 13, 14.— Chemn. 



Conch. Cab. vol. v. pi. 185, f. 1852. — Gevens, Conch, (ed. 



Bachm.) p. 66, pi. 28, f. 315, — Dillw. Recent Shells, vol, ii. 



p. 817. — Wood, Index Testaceolog. pi. 30, f. 5. — Lam. Anim. 



s. Vert. (ed. Desh.) vol. ix. p. 199. — Blainv. Faune Franc;. 



pi. 12, f. 3. — Philippi, Moll. Sicil. vol. i. p. 189; vol. ii. 



p. 159. 



„ ustulalus, Lamarck, Anim. s. Vert. (ed. Desh.) vol. ix. p. 214 (fide 



Desh., Loven, Menke). 



Littorina vult/aris, Sowerbv, Genera Shells, Litt. f. 1. — Reeve, Conch. System. 



pi. 222, f. 1. 

 Turbo rudis, Blainv. Faune Franc;. Moll. pi. 12, f. 2. 



Littorina littorea, Johnston, Berwick, Club, vol. i. p, 267. — Brit. Marine Conch, 

 p. xxxix. — Brown, Illust. Conch. G. B, p. 15, pi. 10, 

 f. 1,2,3. 

 Litorina litorea, Menke, Zeitschr. Malakozool. 1845, p. 49. — Philippi, Neue 

 Conch, vol. ii. p. 102, Lit. pi. 1, f. 7, 8, 10 ; vol. iii. p. 64, 

 Lit. pi. 7, f. 12 (monstrosity). 



Like most littoral shells, the species of this genus are 

 liable to great changes of shape and colour : the former 

 arises chiefly from the amount of elevation displayed by 



;;%.; 



