ZONITES. 39 



crowded, and obsolete upon the base. Spire much de- 

 pressed, apex blunt. Whorls three and a half to four, 

 moderately broad, decidedly but not abruptly enlarging, 

 distinctly defined, peculiarly though slightly flattened near 

 their upper suture, moderately convex below. Aperture 

 very oblique, rounded crescent-shaped, manifestly broader 

 than high, nearly equal in width to half the total diameter, 

 its lower portion far below the general level of the base. 

 Peristome thin, simple, not reflected. Circumference well 

 rounded. Base a little flattened ; umbilicus rather large 

 at the commencement but much contracted by the penult 

 whorl. Diameter about the sixth of an inch. 



The animal, according to Alder, is black. This species 

 occurs among moss in woods and under stones. It is 

 most frequent in the north and east of England, but has a 

 very general distribution and is common in all provinces of 

 Ireland and Scotland. 



Z. nitidus, Miiller. 



Depressed, much shining, transparent and brownish fulvous 

 on both disks ; whorls four and a half to five, of moderate en- 

 largement ; suture profound, umbilicus large. 



Plate CXX. fig. 4, 7. 



? Helix Hammonis, Strom. Acta Nidross. vol. iii. p. 435, pi. 6, f. 16. 



„ nitida, Muller, Hist. Verm. pt. 2, p. 32. — Jeffreys, Trans. Linn. Soc. 



vol. xvi. p. 339. — Lam. (ed. Desh.) Anim. s. Vert. vol. viii. 



p. 72. — Chemn. (ed. KUst.) Conch. Cab. Helix, No. 108, 



pi. 24, f. 30, 31.— L. Pfeif. Monog. Helic. vol. i. p. 94. 

 „ nitens, Gmelin, Syst. Naturae, p. 3633. 

 „ lucida, Drapar. Moll. Terr, et Fluv. France, p. 103, pi. 8, f. 11, 12. — 



Gray, Medical Repository, 1821. — Alder, Trans. Nat. Hist. 



Soc. Northumb. vol. i. p. 38. — Turton, Manual L. and F. W. 



Shells, p. 56, f. 38. — Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. vi. 



p. 33.— Brown, Illust. Conch. G. B. p. 52.— C. Pfeif. Deutsch. 



Land und Stissw. Moll. pt. 1, p. 35, pi. 2, f. 19. — Rossmassl. 



