————— 
Dr, Laruam’s Effay on the Trachee or Windpipes of Birdi. 93 
it happens, ferves to increafe the tone of voice; and that this fex is 
enabled, by means of it, to cry out more forcibly than thofe birds 
which have nofuch conftruétion of parts—an inftance of which is 
pointed out in the Golden-Eye Duck, the Latin name of which (Clan- 
gua) has been given to it from this fuppofed circumftance*. Others 
again have fuppofed that the peculiarity of ftructure might be of 
ufe in diving ; yet no one has authenticated to us, that the male is 
able to ftay longer under water than the female. Concerning the 
want or prefence of an enlarged cavity, or labyrinth, as authors have 
called it, nothing can better fuit our purpofe than the examples of 
the Scoter and Velvet Duck, the latter of which has not only an en- 
Jargement of cavity at the bottom part, but likewife a large hollow 
in the middle, added to a third enlargement of hollow bone juft be- 
low the /arynx ; but in the firft-named not the leaft deviation from 
an uniformly cylindrical fhape is feen throughout the whole of its 
Jength, in either fex:—yet, wonderful to fay, the Scoter has by far the 
greater facility of the two, in refpeét to diving and ftaying under the - 
jvater, and on account of this property of diving becomes one of 
the moft difficult birds to kill in its own element, as twenty fhots 
have been made at one of thefe, by a good markfman, before one 
thas taken effe€t. We cannot do amifs alfo to remind the reader, 
that none of the genus of Colymbus, Podiceps, or Uria, which have 
acquired the name of Divers from being fo often under water, do 
enjoy any material conftruction of the ¢rachea different from the 
Cock and Hen, which are well known to avoid the water from in- 
ftin&. Neither can Ilearn that any thing occurs to outward appears 
ance, that fhould enable the Corvorant, Shag, and many others, to 
* Gefner fuppofes the game to have been given from clapping the wings at the firft tifing 
¢o take flight. “ Ab alarum clangore, que firmiflime funt, nec fine fono in volatu moyen- 
tur.” De Nat. Av. p. 104. 
dive 
