96 Dr. Laruam’s Ejay on the Trachee or Winapipes of Birds. 
fing, the mufcles of the /vrynx are ftouteft in the male, and in the 
Nightingale are {tronger in proportion than in any birdof the fame fize*. 
We have been imperceptibly led into the above difcuffion, although 
not originally meant to form any part of our plan, intending merely 
to illuftrate fuch variations of trachee as palpably differed from the 
ufual mode, either in refpeét to pofition or ftructure. 
The deviations in refpeét to the windpipe from what is generally 
feen, may be divided into two kinds,—The /7/, wherein this organ, 
although of equal diameter or nearly fo, differs in being fomewhat 
longer than the neck, and thereby allowing of a double about the 
idle of it, as in the Wood Grous—or, being further elongated, 
forming one or more folds either within the keel-like procefs of the 
fternum, which is hollowed out for that purpofe, as may be feen in 
the Wild Swan, Demoi/elle, Crane, &c.—or, inftead of entering the keel, 
runs more or lefs over the furface of the breaft beneath the fkin, as 
inftanced in the Marail, Barraka, Guan, and others, as will be here- 
after noticed. 
The /econd deviation is where the windpipe is unequal in diameter, 
although not elongated, but alters in.fhape and fize, and in fome 
birds very confiderably, in its progrefs to the lungs, more efpecially 
juft before its divarication into the two dronchia, or lung-pipes. 
This laft circumftance has been met with hitherto only in the 
Duck+ and Merganfer genera, or at leaft it is in thefe only 
that the /abyrinth{, as it has been termed by authors, has been 
* Mr. Barrington fuppofes that the Nightingale may be diftin€tly heard at more than 
half a mile, if the evening be calm. Phil. Tranf. vol. Ixiii. p. 279. 
+ I will not take upon me to fay that other, and perhaps various kinds of, conforma- 
tions of the trachea in the Duck genus may not hereafter be noticed; as we have good 
authority in refpeé to one fpecies, where the windpipe runs on the furface of the breaft 
in the manner of the Guan. See No. vi. : 
{~ Ampulla feu Labyrinthus, Rai Syn. dv. p. 135. Will. Orn. p. 253, et alibi. Laby- 
rinth, Will. Orn. aid Angl.) p. 335. Ray's Letters, p. 163. 
4 found ; 
