Dr. Larnam’s Effay on the Trachea or Windpipes of Birds. 99 
is alfo figured in the Planches Enluminées, as well.as the Plate re- 
ferred to in Frifch’s work, where the reader may likewife learn the 
defcription and manners.—He will, in like manner, be direéted to 
the fynonyms*of fuch authors as may’ be neceflary for him ito .con- 
fult, in refpect to’ the ‘other birds mentioned in this treatife, the 
defign of which being chiefly that of defcribing the organ of refpi- 
ration’ called the trachea or windpipe ; ‘and asthe Woed-Grous feems 
to deviate from the common road, !in ia .Jefs. degree than ,others 
which will be hereafter mentioned, it feems moft proper to begin 
our fubject with. 
The windpipe in this fpecies, otherwife than being longer than 
the neck, does.not furnifh us with any thing material in refpeét 
to general conformation : it paffes in a ftraight dire@tion downwards 
as faras the crop, where it.takes a bend upwards, and.again turning 
downwards, goes on to the lungs in the ufual way. 
- As the bird is very rare in this kingdom, I have never been able 
to examine more than one, which came from the North of Europe, 
and of which very little of the ¢rachea remains with me, except the 
parts‘compofing the bend: I have therefore availed myfelf of the 
drawing of Dr. Bloch in the Berlin Iranfaétions above referred to,, 
in order to perfeét my figure, m which a reprefents the songue—bb 
the os hyoides, or’ bone of the tongue, with its appendages—cithe 
larynts with the glottis ot orifice therein for ithe admiffion of \air—dd 
mufcles which accompany the ¢rachea, one on ‘each fide, ferving to. 
lengthen or fhorten it at the will of the bird—/the ¢rachea or wind- 
Pipe itfelf, forking off into two parts called bronchie, which divari- 
cate into numberlefs fmaller tubes, and lofe ‘themfelves insthe va= 
ridus ramifications of the lungs. 
This general ftru€ture of parts is aieiledy familar invall. bids and 
will ferve throughout this Effay whenever we may have occafion 
to’ een of ere having in view fuch readers as. may not be con- 
O2 verfant 
