Emberiza. birds. PASSERES. 77 



Length 7J inches ; weight 2 ounces. Bill and legs black. Head and neck 

 orange-red ; bill yellowish-orange ; back and rump with black 'feathers, ha- 

 ving a yellow margin. Two cross bars of white on the Avings. Quills and 

 tail-feathers edged with orange. The female has the red more tinged with 

 brown, and the back and belly cinereous. Nest on trees. Eggs 4, of a white 

 colour. Food the seeds of trees. Pennant noticed individuals of this species 

 in the pine forest of Invercauld, Aberdeenshire, in August, and conjectures 

 that they bred there. ]Mr Selby, in his '•' Illustrations," p. 257., seems in- 

 clined to regard them as only occasional visitants. 



Gen. XXXIX. EMBERIZA. Bunting.— Bill short, co- 

 nical, the palate furnished with a bony knob. 



81. E. Citrinella. Yellow Bunting. — Head, neck, and 

 breast gamboge yellow. 



E. flava. Will. Orn. 196 — Citrinella SM. Scot. IfJ E. Citrinella, Linn. 



Syst. i. 309 — £, Yellow Stammer, Yellov/ Yowly; 5", Yite, Yellow 



Yeldrock; W, LUnos felen; G, liuidheag bhealaidh Common. 



Length CJ, breadth 10 inches; weight 7 drams. Eill bluish; irides hazel ; 

 legs yellow. Back yellowish-brown, tinged A\'ith green. Quills black, edo-ed 

 with yellow. Bump brownish-orange. Tall dusky, edged with greenish-yel- 

 low; the inner web of the two external feathers, on each side,' with a large 

 spot of white. In the feynale the colours are paler, and the 3'ellow inclines 

 more to brown. Pair in ]\Iay. Nest on the ground among low grass, ot 

 dried stalks, lined with hair. Eggs 5, of a pale purplish white, with red 

 streaks. This species is familiar, and resides near the dwellings of men. In 

 geographical disti-ibution it reaches not to Orkney. 



This species varies in the yellow of the head being replaced by olive-green 

 in which state it is the E. chlorocephula of Gmelin (Turton's trans, i. 544.) 

 and has occurred in the neighbourhood of London. 



82. E. Cirlus. Cirl Bunting. — The throat and a band over 

 the eye black. 



Linn. Syst. i. 311 — Cirl Bunting, Mont. Orn. Diet, and Lin. Trans, vii. 

 276. Temm. Orn. i. 313 — Breeds in Devonshire. 

 Size like the last. Bill bluish ; irides hazel ; legs brown ; claws dusky. 

 A yellow band above and below the eye. Lower part of the neck yellow ; 

 breast olive-grey ; belly yellow ; back brown. Quills dusky, edged with green. 

 Tail, with the two middle tail-feathers chesnut, the rest black, except the two 

 extei-ior ones on each side, which have an oblique bar of white from the tip 

 halfway; and the outmost feather is white throughout the whole of the ex- 

 terior web. Female smaller, with the plumage sjjotted with dusky. Pair 

 in April. Nest in a low bush ; of dry stalks, lined with hair. " Eggs 4 



or 5, greyish-white, with irregular long and short curved dusky lines This 



species was first observed in Britain by jNIontagu, in 1800, in Devonshire, 

 where it breeds and is resident ; congregating in the winter with Yellow 

 Buntings and Chaffinches. A straggler of this species has been shot near 

 Edinburgh, as noticed by JNIr Wilson in Wern. jMem. ii. G58. 



83. E. Miliaria. Common Bunting. — Plumage, above yel- 

 lowish-brown, inclining to oil-green, the centre of the feathers 

 dusky. 



E. alba, Will. Orn. 195. Sibb. Scot. 18. E. Mil. Linn. Syst. i. 308. 

 Penn. Brit. Zool. i. 324. Temm. Orn. i. 306 — E, Bunting-lark, Ebb. ; 

 S., Corn-bunting ; JF, Bras-y-ddruttan, bras-yr-yd ; G, Gelag-bhua- 

 chair. — Common near corn-fieids. 



