BIRDS. GRALL^. 93 



of England, but rare in the northern ones. Mr Selby has traced it as far as 

 Morpeth in Northumberland. Pennant inserted it in his list of Scottish 

 liirds prefixed to Lightfoot's Flora Scotica, without mentioning a habitat. 

 Dr Burgess, however, enumerates it among the birds of Kirkmichael (St. Ac. 

 vol. i.) 



GRALL^. Waders. 



I. CuLTRiROSTRES. Bill stvong and sharp-edged. 



Ardea. 



II. Pressirostres. BiUJeeble, the edges more or less rounded. 



a, Teiradactylce. With a hind-toe. 



b. Toes remarkably long and flattened below. Sternum narrow. 

 Wings short. MAcaoDACTYLiE. 

 c. Front covered. 

 Rallus. 

 Ortygometra. 



cc. Front with a naked stripe. 

 GaUinula. 

 Fulica. 

 bh. Toes of moderate length. 



c. Toes with a developed membrane. 

 d. Membrane scalloped. 

 Phalaropus. 

 Lobipes. 



dd. Membrane continuous. 

 Recurvirostra. 

 cc. Membrane wanting, or abbreviated. 

 d. Bill longer than the head. 

 e. BiU arched, deflected. 



Numenius. 

 ee. Bill nearly straight. 



/. bill slender, produced. 



g. Nasal groove short, the extremity of the 

 bill solid. 

 Totanus. 

 gg. Nasal groove reaching nearly to the end 

 of the bill. 



h. Mandible with a dorsal groove. 

 Scolopax. 



hh. Mandible destitute of a dorsal groove. 

 Limosa. 

 Tringa. 

 ff. Bill conical, short. 

 Strepsilas. 

 dd. Bill shorter than the head. 

 Vanellus. 

 Squaterola. 



