CoLYMiujs. BIRDS. PALMIPIDES. 133 



ridge of the lower mandible sloping upwards, giving the bill a recurved as- 

 pect ; the grove at the symphysis continued to within about 3 lines of the tip. 

 Feet, on'the outside, dusky ; pale within. Ii-ides brown. Tongue entire, 

 jioiiited. Vermiform appendages 1 incli long, and upwards of \ inch broad. 

 Head and neck black, the latter with two collars, white, freckled with black. 

 Back black, with white spots. Breast and belly white. Tail of 20 feathers. 

 Female similar, but less — Nest on the margin of fresh-water lakes. Eggs 2, 

 Isabella yellow, Avith purplish-grey spots. Young differ in the plumage above, 

 being brownish-black, freckled with gi'ey on the cheeks, and the feathers on 

 the back edged with grey ; below, white, with a dusky bar across the vent. 

 In this state it is the C. immer of Linne. The black on the neck, the col- 

 lars, and the white spots on the back, appear as the bird approaches maturity, 

 which it reaches at the age of 3 years. — The young of this species are com- 

 mon in Zetland, during winter, Avliile old birds seldom occur. In Orkney, 

 however, both old and young birds abound at that season. The old birds 

 visit the Frith of Forth in winter, following the herrings. The young birds 

 are occasionally seen in summer in the Zetland seas, and I observed one off 

 the coast of Waterford, 28th July 1816. 



212. C. arcticus. Black-throated Diver. — Bill upwards of 

 3 inches in length ; flat above the nostrils ; groove of the sym- 

 physis reaching to the end of the lower mandible. 



Will. Orn. 258. Sibb. Scot. 20. Linn. Syst. i. 221. Penn. Brit. Zool 

 ii. 527. Temm. Orn. ii. 913 — A winter visitant. 

 Length 27, breadth 44 inches ; weight 4 pounds. Bill black, nearly 3^ inches 

 long, rounded, blunt. Feet brown outwardly, whitish within. Irides brown. 

 Front, throat, fore-neck, back, and rump, black. Crown and nape grey. Sides 

 of the neck spotted black and Avhite. Sides of the back scapulars and wing-co- 

 vers black, with white spots. Tail feathers 20. Female similar Nest on 



the margin of lakes. Eggs 2, white, with distant black spots. The young 

 are dusky above, and white below, at first ; the head then becomes grey, and 

 the sides of the neck freckled with black. At two years, the black on the 

 fore-neck, and the black and white of the back, make their appearance ; and 

 the plumage is complete in 3 years. When approaching maturity, it appears 

 to be the Second Speckled Diver of Bewick. 



213. C. septentrionalis. Red-tliroated Diver. — Bill scarcely 

 3 inches long, slender, pointed, subrecurved; groove of the 

 symphysis of the lower mandible very short. 



Linn. Syst. i. 220. Penn. Brit. Zool. ii. 52G, Temm. Orn, ii. 916.— A", 

 Rain Goose — Breeds in Orkney and Zetland. A winter visitant of 

 the Thames. 



Length 24, breadth 41 inches ; weight upwards of 3 pounds. Bill black, 

 much more pointed, slender, and recurved, than the two preceding species ; 

 the margins are much incurved. Legs black without, whitish on the inside- 

 Irides reddish-brown. Crown, nape, and back of the neck, purplish-black, 

 the edges of the feathers white and raised. Chin, cheeks, and sides of the 

 neck, dark grey. Fore-neck brownish-red ; above, olive-black, with pale edges ; 

 wing covers dusky, with Avhite spots. Breast and belly silvery. Vent with a 

 black bar. Tail of 20 feathers ; the under covers black, with pale edges. Fe- 

 male similar. — Nest on the margin of lakes. Eggs 2, olive brown, with brown 

 spots. Young., at first, dusky above, whitish below ; they then assume the 

 grey on the head, and become spotted on the back ; and, on approaching ma'-, 

 turity, the red on the throat appears. In its immature state it is the " First 

 Speclded Diver" of Bewick. Linnseus states, that, in Sweden, the Black 

 Throated Diver was considered as the male of tills species. I have seen the 

 Hod and Black Throated Divers in company with a yoimg bird, and had evi- 



