I30 CrlJMPSES IXTO I' LA XT-LIFE 



but perhaps we may not ha\e remarked how much 

 these variations of form are due to the position of 

 the buds upon the branches. VVe will suppose 

 that on a winter's da}' we are looking at the 

 tracer)' of some elm-branches against the sky ; 

 the form of each branch shows that the terminal 

 bud in this tree usually ceases to grow, and allows 

 the lateral shoots to increase in length, and take 

 its place ; this produces short, twiggy branches, 

 and a stem which makes a tall tree rather than 

 a wide-spreading one. The horse-chestnut, again, 

 produces its flowers in the terminal buds ; this 

 arrests their growth, and side shoots ha\'e to grow 

 on instead, thus usualh' giving height rather than 

 breadth to the tree. We ma}' note the differing 

 outline of the ^\'il!ow, birch, and man}' others 

 where the terminal buds do not cease to grow, 

 but each }'ear continue to add to the breadth as 

 well as the height of the tree. 



In pine-trees the buds are produced at the ends 

 of the branches, and several shoots proceed from 

 one bud. 



The spiral arrangement of leaves is well seen 

 in a }'oung coniferous shoot, also in the flower- 



