OF BALANOPHORE^. 45 



oaks in very humid forests, but, like the rest of the species, it generally grows at the foot 

 of the trees immersed in the spongy soil. It causes large knots 2-1- inches in diameter to 

 form on the roots of oaks and maples, and these are much sought by the natives for the 

 manufacture of the wooden cups in general use throughout the Himalaya and Tibet. 



2. Balanophoba dioica. Brown in Wall. Cat. 7216 ; Linn. Trans, xiii. 207 in note. 



Koyle, lU. Plant. Ilimal. p. 330. t. 99 or 78 a. Schott & Eudl. Melet. p. 13 (sub 

 B. elongata, Bl.). 



B. typhina, Wall. Cat. 7248. 



B.picia, B. ulveolatu, B. Burmanica et B. affinis, Griff, in Linn. Trans, xx. pp. 94, 95. t. 3, 4, 5 & 6. 



Variat insigniter rhizomate plus minusve lobato v. ramoso, lobis crebre v. laxe pustulatis, pustulis simpli- 



cibus stellatim lobulatisve, pedunculis brevibus elongatisve, flavis albis rubrisve, squamis arete v. 



laxe imbricatis, capitulis omnino unisexualibus v. foemineis basi androgynis, cylindricis ovoideis 



conoideisve, columna staminea brevi v. elongata, antheris 3-5 arete v. laxe compactis, floribus $ breve 



V. longe pedicellatis, eapitulo v. pedicello bracteolae clavatae insertis. 

 Hub. In Himalayae orientalis, centralis et mont. Khasite sylvis subtropicis vulgatissima, alt. 3-7000 ped. 



[T. Thomson et J.D.H.) ; Nepal [Wullich) ; Birma [Wallichet Griffith); Mont, Mishmee {Griffithl). 



Fl. Aug.-Decembr. (v.v.) 



This is an extremely common species in the Eastern Himalaya and Khasia, and so 

 variable, that I am quite unable to define its varieties. Specimens of all sizes may be 

 found, from an inch to a foot high, of all degrees of robustness, and of all colours between 

 blood-red, yellow and white, or brown. Though usually strictly dioecious, I have found 

 capitula bearing only male flowers on female plants, and more frequently male flowers 

 towards the base of the female capitula. Schott and Encllicher, and latterly Junghuhn, 

 have united this species with Blume's £. elomjata, and I should not be at all sm-prised 

 that they proved the same ; but I have never found the Indian to have the long branching 

 rhizomes of the Javanese species, and there is much less wax in the plant. 



B. dioica grows indifferently on the roots of many species of shrubs and trees, but I 

 have never found that it produces knots on these, as B. involucrata does. 



3. Balaxophora elongata, Blume, En. PI. Jav. i. 87 ; Schott & Endl. Melet. 13 ; Unger, 



Ueb. d. Paras, pp. 26 & 33. t. 2. f. 1, 2 ; Junghuhn in Nov. Act. Acad. Ca?s. Nat. 

 Cur. xviii. Suppl. 207. t. 1. 



Cynopsole elongata, Endl. Gen. PI. 74. 



Var. maxima. B. maxima, Jungh. in Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Nat. Cur. xviii. Suppl. 209. t. 1. 

 Hab. Montibus Java; alt. 5-9000 ped. {Blume, Junghuhn, Lobb). Fl. Mart., Maio et August. Montibus 

 Peninsulas India; orientalis {Wight) et Ceylonise? {Gardner, Thwaites). 



I have, under B. dioica, stated what seem to me the only differences between this species 

 and B. dioica, and these are rather modified in the Peninsular specimens figured by Dr. 

 "Wight in a drawing he has had the goodness to give me, and in the Ceylon specimens. 



Junghvihn's B. maxima seems to differ only in size from B. elongata, the difference 

 between these two forms being exactly analogous to that betx^cen B. dioica and B. typhiua. 

 Wall, {picta. Griff.). 



This species produces wax in great abundance which is used for making candles in Java. 



