62 DR. J. D. HOOKER ON THE GENERA AND SPECIES 



Fig. 4. Rudimentary female flowers that occur on the male capitulum. 



Fig. 5. Unexnanded male flower with rudimentary female at its base. 



Fig. 6. Expanded male flower. 



pj„ y_ Transverse section of the rhizome showing the five regularly disposed vascular bundles. 



Fig. 8. a. Tubular barred vessels that form the woody system ; b. thick-walled elongated cells that 



form the liber system. 

 Fig. 9. Surface of rhizome with hairs. 

 Fig. 10. Portion of a hair. 



Fig. 11. Rudimentary condition of a Langsdorffia on a rootlet, cut vertically. 

 Fi''. 12. Portion of a rhizome horizontally sliced, showing the intrusion of the root. 

 Fig. 13. Swollen portion of a rhizome at the point of junction with a root, showing the rootlets of 



the latter given off apparently by the rhizome, and partially enclosed in it. 

 Fig. 14. Transverse section of the same, showing the abbreviated termination of the divisions of the 



root. 

 Fig. 15. Apex of a rootlet enclosed within the cellular system of the parasite. 

 Fi". 16. Vertical section of a portion of a rhizome corroding the bark of a rootlet which it has 



attacked. 

 Fi". 17. Another vertical section of a root and rhizome, the former sending vascular prolongations 



into the latter. 

 Fig. 18. Another section showing the first contact of a rhizome with a rootlet. 

 Fig. 19. A portion of a rhizome enveloping the branch of a rootlet. 

 Fig. 20. Ripe fruit of L. hypogaa, Rich. 



Fig. 21. Vertical section of the same, showing the pendulous seed. 

 Fig. 22. Seed removed, showing at a. the hilum. 

 All but figs. 1, 12, 13 & 14, very highly magnified. 



Tab. III. 



Thonningia sanguinea, Vahl. 



Fig. 1. Female branch from Vahl's herbarium. 



Fig. 2. Male capitulum from Schumacher's herbarium. 



Fig. 3. Vertical section of the same. 



Fig. 4. Female capitulum from the same herbarium. 



Fig. 5. Vertical section of the same. 



Fig. 6. Imperfect male flower from Vahl's specimen : a. the bract at its base ; b. two scales of the 



perianth. 

 Fig. 7. Male flower from fig. 2, — the anthers dehisced and partially separated at the apex. 

 Fig. 8. Transverse section of the synema, — the anther-cells all dehisced. 

 Fig. 9. Pollen-grains. 

 Fig. 10. Female flower. 



Fig. 11. The same with the free tubular limb of the perianth laid open. 

 Fig. 12. Another female flower with a more developed perianth. 

 Fig. 13. Portion of apex of perianth, showing the strong sclerogen-tubes that form its woody 



system. 

 Fig. 14. Hair from the peduncle. 

 Fig. 15. Cellular tissue and vessels of the perianth. 

 All but figs. 1-5 highly magnified. 



