OF THE PITCHERS OF NEPENTHES. 419 



4. In my description of the development of tlie leaves in full-grown plants of Nepen- 

 thes, I have stated that the gland which is developed into a pitcher occupies a position 

 towards the apex of the nascent leaf ; the examination of the seedling plants would tend 

 to show that the position of the gland indicates the organic apex of the future midrib, and 

 no doubt it does so (as may be seen in Limnocltaris Flumieri). Such glands often occur 

 on the margins, midribs, veins or petioles of leaves, and are most frequent at the anasto- 

 moses of the veins, as at the base of the lamina {CumrUlaceee, Legmninosce, &c.), or at the 

 serraturcs where the lateral nerves meet the marginal {Anraiiliucea;, ITyrsinece, &c.), or 

 where the lateral veins finally converge at the apex of the midrib (as in Nepenthes,' lAmno- 

 charts, &c.). 



5. The sudden transition from the simple cotyledonary leaves of a seedling Nepenthes, 

 to the pitcher-bearing leaves immediately contiguous to them, is extremely remarkable. 

 There is, in the species I have examined, no transitionary stage of development whatever. 

 This renders the formation of the pitchers of Sarracenia and Cephalotus (which, so far as 

 I have observed, never present the appearance of ordinary leaves) less anomalous, than if 

 a seedling Nepenthes presented a graduated series of more and more highly organized 

 leaves connecting the simple cotyledonary with the fully developed pitcher-bearing ones. 



The resemblance between the pitcher of a seedling Nepenthes and that of Sarracenia 

 purpurea is very close, and leaves little doubt in my mind that that organ is strictly 

 homologous in the two genera. I have never seen seedlings of Sarracenia, nor of Cepha- 

 lotus, but a comparison of young leaves of the latter with those of Nepenthes presents 

 several cm-ious similarities. In Cephalotus the ordinary leaves are perfectly simple, and 

 similar to the cotyledonary leaves of Nepenthes ; and the pitcher-bearing leaves are at 

 once developed as such, having the cavity and ciliated lid in thcii- earliest discernible con- 

 dition : though these occur both above and below the ordinary leaves, and in immediate con- 

 tiguity with them, there are no intermediate stages whatever, the transition from cauline 

 leaf to pitcher being as sudden and abrupt as from cotyledonary leaf to pitcher in seedling 

 Nepenthes. The appearance, too, of the young Cephalotus pitcher and stalk is that of a 

 stout petiole, with a hollowed-out terminal bead obliquely adnate to its lower surface. If 

 the analogy with Nepenthes holds good, the stipes of the Cephalotus pitcher represents the 

 midrib of a leaf on whose sides no lamina is developed. 



Part II. — Notes on the Bornean Species of Nepenthes, with descriptions oj" the new ones. 



The want of any important characters in the flowers and fruit ot Nepenthes is a very re- 

 mai'kable feature of these plants. The leaves differ considerably in insertion, and in being 

 more or less petioled. The pitchers of most, when young, are shorter, and provided with 

 two ciliated wings in front ; more mature plants bear longer pitchers, with the wings re- 

 duced to tliickened lines. The glandular portion of the pitcher remains more constant 

 than any other, and the difference between the form of old and yomig pitchers is often 

 chiefly confined to the further development of the superior eglandular portion into a neck 

 or tube. 



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