FAUNA HAWATITENSIS 
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The Limacidae yield nothing very peculiar or very striking and the few forms 
peculiar to the Islands may well have been developed from introduced European 
ancestors. 
The Zonitidae are scattered over the Islands; all are peculiar, but they are 
nearly related to forms found in other islands of the Pacific: similar remarks apply 
to the Endodontidae, one group of which (Perodzscus), however, appears to be peculiar. 
The presence—and that strongly contested—of only a single indigenous species 
of the Helicidae again indicates affinities with Polynesia. 
The Pupidae as a family, have a very wide geographical range, and hence no 
deductions can be drawn from their presence; it should be noted that here—if the 
identification be correct—the fauna includes a species not peculiar to the Islands. 
With reference to the Achatinellidae it may at once be noted that several divisions 
of the family may be made. First, the brightly coloured forms which fall into the 
genus Achatinella proper and which are replaced in the Southern Pacific Islands by 
the genus Partu/a. The metropolis of distribution of all these forms seems to be 
Oahu, save in the case of the subgenus Paréulina when Maui and Molokai appear to 
divide the honour. No species has been found on Kauai and only two on Hawaii at 
the other end of the group. Species have been described by authors upon coloration 
and band-formations ; in my opinion numbers even of the ‘species’ here admitted will 
prove, when their anatomy is carefully investigated, to be varying forms of one common 
species. Consider, for example, such a shell as Yachea nemoralis dealt with in the 
same manner as the Hawaiian forms have been! Still, even when reductions are made, 
the fauna will remain remarkable for its numerical strength in species. 
Secondly, passing through Perdicella and Newcomdza, confined to the islands of 
Molokai and Maui, we come to the second great division, typified by Leptachatina and 
Amastra. Here, while the metropolis again seems to be Oahu, Kauai, the oldest 
island geologically considered, ranks well with the rest. 
Thirdly, passing through the interesting and recently described Thaanumia of 
Oahu, we come to Carvelzia, which is confined to Kauai save for one subfossil species on 
the Island of Niihau (the only mollusc on that island). 
Fourthly, we have the little group of Auriculella and Frickella, which leave the 
impression that they are linking forms between Achatinella and Tornatellina, and, 
again, belong in the main to Oahu. It should be borne in mind, as illustrating the 
peculiarity of the fauna, that only about half a dozen out of, approximately, 330 
species of Achatinellidae are found on more than one island, and indeed some of 
these may be due to errors of identification. In our present state of knowledge a 
faunal list is largely influenced by the ‘personal equation’ of the writer. 
From the residue of the fauna but little is to be learnt; the development of 
Succinea appears abnormal and further research will probably reduce the so-called 
‘species’ of this group. 
