34 ENDODONTID.i:. 



p. 122). Godwin-Austen, finally, again raised it to generic rank 

 in the Endodontidce. He added descriptions o£ two new species, 

 the radula of one being figured as well as the jaw and radula of 

 P. miccifla. The latter lie found so similar to those parts of Phila- 

 lanJca thwnitesi that he was led to place Pupisoma in the same 

 subfamily Thysanotince, next to Philalanlca. With regard to the 

 animal of Pupisoma miccyla, he further states that the foot is short 

 and too small to see any details of its anatomy, but that upon the 

 minute animal being pressed out between covering-glasses, the 

 eyes w'ere found to be conspicuous, connected with a short dark 

 streak representing the retractor muscle. He is of opinion that 

 in life they probably merely reach the surface of the integument. 

 Nearly every animal examined contained three embryonic shells, 

 some in an advanced stage of development, showing the apex 

 of the shell, and being very large compared with the parent 

 animal. 



Mr. Burnup also records its ovoviviparous character, many of 

 the specimens of P. orcula and P. jajwnicum, taken in South 

 Africa, being found to contain one young mollusc furnished with 

 a shell, and some few containing two, one much larger than the 

 other. 



The presence of the genus in such widely separated localities as 

 Japan and 8outh Africa — even so far inland as Rhodesia — is very 

 remarkable. I am inclined to think, however, that this cannot be 

 its natural range but that these two species — orcula and japoni- 

 cum — owe their distribution to the agency of man, having probably 

 been carried with plants, for Mr. Burnup states that they are found 

 not only on the trunks, branches, and leaves of native shrubs and 

 trees in woods, but on orange and apple trees in orchards as well. 

 Benson, when describing P. orcula, states the shells occurred in 

 mango-groves, but in his description of P. miccyla he mentions that 

 it was found oia the bark of an orange tree, while Lt.-Col. Godwin- 

 Austen also records the taking of a shell on an aurnntiaceous 

 plant in India (Land and Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1910, p. 301), 

 and others on orange trees in Ceylon (op. cit. p. 303), so that it 

 may be presumed that these creatures do occur on cultivated plants 

 and may thus be transported from one country to another. 



49. Pupisoma lignicola, StoUczka. 



Pupa liff7ucola, Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xl, 1871, p. 171, pi. 7, fig. 3. 

 Pupa ( I'u/)isonta) lignicola, ibid., op. cit. xlii, 1873, p. 32 ; Nevill, 



Hand List, i, 1878. p. 192 ; Kobelt, Illustr. Conchy!. Buch, ii, 



1878, p. 281, pi. 85, tig. 4.3; Godwin-Austen, Land and Freshw. 



Moll. India, ii, 1910, p. 300. 

 Pyramidula {Pupisoma) lignicola, Pilsbry, Man. Conch, ser. 2, ix, 



1894, p. 52, pi. 14, figs. 41, 42. 



Original description; — "Pupa testa breviter tumide - ovata, 

 subconira, cornea, vix rimata, apice obtusa ; anfractibus 4|, 

 couvexiusculis, costulis modice distantibus, transversalibus, paulo 



