244 ENID,!:. 



Valley, above Kokala {Theobald): Kashmir (AtJcinson); Takhl-i- 

 Siiliman (Thomson) ; Tiiiali {Stoliczl-a). Tibet (Ffeiffer). 



When first described by Pfeiffer its habitat was unknown. In 

 1859, however, he recorded Tibet (Mon. Helic. Yiv. iv, p. 426) as 

 its native country, without stating the source of his information. 

 Benson (A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xix, 1857, p. 327) gave Takht-i- 

 Suliman, Kashmir, as habitat, while Theobald (J. A. S. B. 1878, 

 p. 144) mentioned it as common about Mari and in various places 

 in Kashmir, usually above 6000 feet, but occasionally lower. He 

 further states that 



"Sinistral shells are most numerous, but dextral ones also 

 occur not rarely. My largest sinistral shell measures 35-6 x 

 9*2 and my smallest 27*7 X 8*7 mm. The dextral shells are 

 smaller, ranging from 33 x 8*8 to 24 x 8-5 mm. The shells 

 vary somewhat in a large series, in tumidity and in the 

 attenuation of the spire, and eveu iu the number of whorls, 

 a remark which applies to all the species of the genus, and 

 proves the risk of creating new species from single examples. 

 " I do not think that iV. domina, B., can be separated, as 

 the main distinction seems to be in the textui'e of the shell ; 

 but in tliis group the texture varies from horny and sub- 

 diaphanous, in which the striped markings are conspicuous, 

 to creamy porcellanous, in \^ hicli they are more or less if not 

 wholly oi)Solete. The diiSerence too in this respect is con- 

 siderable between the living and dead shells, and largely 

 depends (unless I am much mistaken) on tlis conditions of 

 climate and alimentation under which the animal lived. 



" A slender form is seen in places, with a thinner shell 



than the type, and indicating a passage to N. l-munvarensis, 



Hutton. A typical example of this variety measures 2G'5 x 



8 mill." 



B. candelaris and B. d.omina are, to my mind, two perfectly 



distinct and valid species, notwithstanding Theobald's observations 



to the contrary. The latter species, apart from its markings, is 



much more convex in outline than the former with its attenuated 



spire. It is, of course, possible that Theobald had not seen the 



true domiiia. 



The Theobald collection in the British Museum contains even 

 smaller sinistral specimens than those referred to by Theobald ; 

 they measure 21-5 x7'5 mm., and are from the Jhilum Valley 

 above Kokala. Dextral shells from the same locality are also 

 present. Theobald's Kashmir specimens range from 36 x S^o mm. 

 to 24 X 8-5, both dextral and sinistral. 



Dr. Kobelt records three shells from Northern India, in the 

 Mollendorff collection, measuring 29 mm. in length, and being 

 slightlv angulated. He observes that some shells have corneous 

 transverse streaks on the upper whorls, a feature \\hich I have 

 likewise noticed in some specimens. 



