282 PUPILLID.!!:. 



AVoodward, in their 'List of British Non-Marine Monusca,'(1914). 

 The name FiqnUa, liad, indeed, ah'eady previously been used 

 geuerically, i. e., by Morse in 1864, and Locard in 1882, but only 

 in its restricted sense for P. muscorum and its immediate allies. 



" Animal usually slender, body attenuated posteriorly, the eye- 

 bearing tentacles moderately' long, cyhndrical, somewhat thickened 

 at the extremities, the lower tentacles very small. 



"Jaw (P. muscorum) flatly semilunate, with pointed angles, 

 almost horizontal, the convex margin slightly thickened, trans- 

 parent, whitish yellow, without perceptible striation, very short 

 and narrow. 



" Eadula foliolate anteriorly, stalked posteriorly, 4 mm. long, 

 g mm. wide, with 31 longitudinal and 90 transverse rows of teeth. 

 The central tooth equals the lateral in size, is symmetrical, with 

 truncated base and tri-cuspid. The middle cusp is broadly 

 conoid, the side cusps small but pronouuced. The laterals 

 become bi-cuspid, and in the outer longitudinal rows comb-like 

 3-4 cuspid. 



" The hermaphrodite gland is connected by a filiform winding 

 hermaphrodite duct with the spermoduct. The latter proceeds by 

 the side of the uterus taking up the vas deferens, which is 1*5 mm. 

 long and enters the penis distally, the latter being prolonged into 

 a whip-like appendix, 2 mm. long. A short retractor muscle 

 pi'oceeds from the penis below the junction of the latter with the 

 appendix. The penis is cylindrical for 0*5 mm. of its length 

 below the retractor muscle, and close to its entering the cloaca, it 

 is provided with a second whip-like appendix 1"5 mm. in length, 

 which is cylindrically dilated below, then becomes filiform, and 

 again dilates, its terminal portion being long club-shaped. The 

 albumen gland is broadly Ungulate, short ; the uterus broad, ^ith 

 a moderately long vagina into which the stalk of the ovate 

 spermatheca terminates." (Lehmann.) 



Tlie Indian forms, unfortunately, have not been investigated 

 anatomicall}^ at least nothing has been published on the subject. 



Two species — P. brevicostis and P. saleiueneasis — will, I believe, 

 when they come to be examined, be found to differ from typical 

 Pajni^fi. 



248. Pupilla muscorum, Linnc. 



Turbo muscormii, Linne, Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1758, p. 767. 



Heli.v muscorum, Mliller, Venn. Terr. Fluv. ii, 1774, p. 105. 



Puixt muscorum, Lamarck, Anim. sans vert, vi, part il, 1822, 

 p. Ill ; Deshayes. Encycl. Meth., Vers, ii, 18.30, p. 405; ibid., 

 Anim. sans vert. ed. 2, viii, 1838, p. 180; Kiister, Conch. -Cab., 

 Pupa, 1841, p. 12, pi. 2, figs. 1-5 ; PfeifFer, Men. llelic. Viv. ii, 

 1848, p. yil ; Hanlev, Ipsa Linn. Conch. 1855, p. 352, pi. 4, 

 fio-. 6 ; Theobald, J. A. S. B. xlvii, 1878, p. 146 ; Pilsbry, Naiit. 

 V, 1891, p. 45. 



