302 clausiliibjE. 



number of palatal plicae behind the aperture, and usually showing 

 through the shell-wall. In some species two of these plicse have 

 their posterior extremities curved and approximating, ultimately- 

 uniting and forming the so-called lunella. Peristome continuous. 

 Umbilicus usually very slight, and consisting of a narrow, 

 oblique slit behind tlie colamellar margin. 



" The animal of CI. pMUppiana is black with a greenish tinge 

 on the posterior part of the body, which is covered with rather 

 coarse warts; the pedicles are moderately elongated, pinkish, 

 slightly swollen at the tips which bear the small eyes centrally ; 

 tentacles very short, but distinct; foot moderately elongated, 

 strong, posteriorly obtusely pointed. 



" The mantle has a free entire edge, and is internally somewhat 

 thickened, especially on either side of the pulmonary orifice. At 

 the place of the labial fold the edge is simply grooved. Corre- 

 sponding to tlie columellar rib the groove is much stronger and 

 deeper, extending Avith free raised edges to the mantle-margin. 

 The lower (or anterior) of these lamellar edges is semicircularly 

 enlarged, and towards the end folded over ; it secretes the 

 columellar fold, with its internal laminar projection for the 

 support of the clausilium. The upper (or posterior) edge is 

 smaller and evidently secretes the clausihum ; it becomes folded 

 over the former when the animal protrudes out of its shell. 



"As regards the internal structui'e there is nothing very 

 distinct from the anatomy of the Helicid.i;. 



" The pulmonary cavity is narrow and long, the mantle 

 forming it being rather thick and of a deep pinkish black 

 colour. The kidney is of a large sub-triangular form, and one 

 portion of it almost entirely envelopes the heart. The mouth is 

 small and the salivary glands lie immediately behind it, covering 

 the anterior part of the aUmentary canal, while in most Helicid^ 

 they are on long peduncles and situated at the lower anterior 

 base of the stomach. The oral parts and the saUvary glands are 

 pinkish grey. The intestines make only a slight bend, and the 

 rectum is accompanied by a very narrow albuminous gland, along 

 which also the duct leading from the kidney appears to lie. 



" The retractor muscle of the body is divided in two very broad 

 and strong parts ; they are attached to the anterior end of the 

 foot, below tlie mouth, and divide posteriorly again into several 

 thin branches. The retractor muscles, supporting the buccal 

 parts, are shorter and also bipartite. The nervous ganglion ring 

 lies immediately behind the mouth and is covered up by the 

 anterior part of the salivary glands ; it is very thin and gives only 

 a few very thin branches to tlie lips, the pedicles and to the 

 generative organs. The small extent of the nervous system is 

 very striking, as compared with the same organs in the Helicid,!; 

 and Zo^'iTiu.E. 



" The generative organs fill the anterior part of the body 

 nearly entirely. The uterus is comparatively thin, of grey colour : 

 the albuminous gland, attached to it, very large, nearly as long 



