193 



Having before me a large number of specimens from various parts of the 

 North Atlantic, and after a careful examination and comparison of types of 

 several so-called species, both recent and fossil, I am convinced that the fol- 

 lowing must be considered synonyms of the present species : Defrancia 

 nobilis, scalaris and Woodiana of Moller, Tritonium roseum of M. Sars, Bela. 

 Americana of Packard, and Pleurotoma Dotvsoni and rohusta of S. V. Wood. 

 P. harpularia of Couthouy may be distinct, but it is questionable.* 



Influenced no doubt by Jeffreys' opinion, Sir J. W. Dawson says that 

 he includes under the name B. turricula — '^ B. nobilis of Moller; B. 

 A'>'ericana, Packard; B. scalaris, Moller; B. exarata, Moller, Morch ; and 

 B. angulata, Reeve." f 



And, lastly, in his " Revision of British Mollusca," the Rev. Canon 

 Norman quite recently quotes Jeffrey's' views on this point, and adds the 

 following comments on them. '' I am myself inclined to regard B. scalaris 

 and B. nobilis as forms of turricula ; and, judging from Searles Wood's figures, 

 P. Dorvsoni and robusta are also referable to it. I would, moreover, include 

 B. exarata, but hesitate as to B. rosea, and I doubt if the shell so called by 

 Sars has been found in our seas, though Jeffreys records it from Oban." I 



Bela scalaris (Moller). 



Fusus turricula, Gould (1841) ; non Montagu, sp. 



Defrancia scalaris, Moller (1842). 



Bela Americana, Packard (1867) ; fide Verrill. 



Bela turricula, Gould (1870). 



Bela scalaris, G. O. Sars (1878). 



"Not uncommon at Eastport, Me., and in the Bay of Fundy, where I 

 dredged it in 1864, 1865, 1868, 1870, 1872, at various localities, in 10 to 

 90 fathoms. Halifax Harbour, 25 fathoms, and off Halifax, 59 to 100 

 fathoms, 1877. Labrador specimens were sent to me by Dr. A. S. Packard, 

 jr., as B. turricula and B. Americana. This is our largest species of Bela. 

 Its range is from off Cape Cod to Labrador, Greenland and northern 

 Europe" (Verrill, 1882 ; Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sc, vol. v., p. 472). 

 The specimens from off Grande Greve, Gaspe Bay, that have been referred 

 to this species by the writer, are now regarded as small individuals of B. 

 harpularia. 



* Annals and Magazine of Natural History for April, 1877, Ser. iv., vol. xix., pp. 331 

 and 332. 



t The Canadian Ice Age, p. 250. 



t Annals and Magazine of Natural History for August, 1899, Ser. vii, vol. iv., p. 132. 

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