230 SEVENTH REPORT—1837. 
found by Dr. Malcolmson on the edge of the great trap 
region in the province of Nagpoor. The organic remains 
from the base of the Himalaya mountains are well known. 
Thermal Springs.—I am not aware of thermal springs in the 
collectorates of Poona, Ahmednuggur, and Dharwar; but in 
Khandesh, in the pergumahs of Arrawud and Amba, in the 
Sautpoora mountains, are the hot springs called Soonup Deo and 
Oonup Deo; the first is so hot that the hand cannot be borne 
in it, agreeably to the testimony of Colonel Briggs. Hot 
springs are numerous in the Konkun, bursting through trap ; 
and they are met with in Canara, and in many other parts of 
India and Ceylon. 
Extent of the Trap Region.—The trap has been traced con- 
tinuously to Neemutch, lat. 24°:27, N. at 14°76 feet above the 
level of the sea, from a fluctuating southern line, which extends 
down as low as the 15th degree of latitude, but one end of which 
terminates on the western coast, between the 16th and 17th 
degrees of latitude; and the eastern end of the line runs up to 
Nagpoor, at 1000 feet above the sea. The longitudinal extent 
of the trap, between the above latitudes, would appear to be 
from the western sea coast (excluding Goojrat) to the 82nd 
degree of E. longitude ; there is thus evidence of a continuous 
trap formation covering an area of from 200,000 to 250,000 
square miles!! However extraordinary this extent may appear, 
it is an undoubted fact that offsets from this great region ex- 
tend even to the Ganges! I am not aware of any facts to 
guide the judgement in the estimation of the age of the trap 
ormation. 
Laterite.—Laterite is met with at the source of the Kistna 
river at 4500 feet above the sea, and its extensive occurrence 
all round the peninsula of India in the narrow tract of land at 
the foot of the Western and Eastern Ghats is well known. 
Nodular Limestone.—Kunkur, or nodular limestone, occurs 
everywhere in Dukhun, indeed all over India. 
Granite.—Although granite does not occur in the four col- 
lectorates of Dukhun, unless in the extreme southern limits of 
Dharwar, it is the chief rock eastward of Nagpoor, and it 
bursts through the surface in so many places in the peninsula 
of India as to have induced Dr. Voysey to express a belief that 
the basis of the whole peninsula is granite; an opinion involving 
the necessary deduction, when the extent of the trap region 
is also considered, that the whole peninsula of India, and the 
island of Ceylon, roughly calculated at 700,000 square miles, 
is of igneous origin. 
