236 SEVENTH REPORT—1837. 
338i feet above the sea, and 1366 above Karleh, the dewing 
point at sunrise on the 13th, was 5° Fahr. below the freezing 
point, temperature of the air 67°, and a cubic foot of air held 
only 1-995 grains of water ina state of vapour. These facts 
fully establish the remarkable discrepancies between the hy- 
grometric state of the air in Bombay and Dukhun, and that 
too within a difference of a few miles of latitude and longitude. 
A comparison of the absolute falls of rain in Bombay and in 
Poona, for the years 1826-7-8, shows an agreement (to a 
certain extent) in their ratio to the hygrometric state of the 
air at Poona and Bombay, above noticed. The mean fall of 
rain at Bombay in those years was 93°62 inches, and at Poona 
26'926 inches, or 283 per cent. only of the fallin Bombay. 
Rain.—In Dukhun the rains are light, uncertain, and, in all 
years, barely sufficient for the wants of the husbandman, and 
a slight failure occasions much distress. ‘They usually com- 
mence at the end of May, with some heavy thunder showers 
from E. to S.E., the lightning being terrific and frequently 
fatal, and the wind furious; but they do not set in regu- 
larly until the first ten days in June, and continue until the 
end of September from the W. to the S.W., and break up 
with thunder-storms from the E. to the S.E. before the 
middle of October. During the remaining months of the 
year an accidental shower or two may fall from the Coro- 
mandel monsoon; and the further the distance eastward from 
Poona, the greater the chance of showers in the cold months, 
The monsoon temperature is equable and agreeable, and the 
rain occurs almost always in showers, rarely continuing un- 
interruptedly for a day or more, as is common on the coast 
and in the Konkun. ‘The greatest quantity of rain falls in the 
months of June and July. The greatest fall of rain in any 
one day was 2°58 inches, on the 6th July, 1826; at Bombay, 
on the 24th June, 1828, there fell 8°67 inches ; and at Hurnee, 
on the 15th June, 1829, there fell 8-133 inches in 24 hours. 
The mean annual fall of rain for all England, from many 
years’ observations, appears to be 32:2 inches, but the means 
of different counties vary from 67 inches in Cumberland to 
19 inches in Essex. yf: 
The clouds supplying the monsoon rains in Dukhun would 
appear to have a low elevation, as I have frequently seen 
through breaks as they were passing swiftly from west to east, 
a superior stratum, apparently stationary, or moving slowly in 
a contrary direction, and gilded by the sun’s rays. 
Winds.—The great features in the observations respecting 
the winds, are the prevalence of winds from the west and westerly 
