ti 
s ON THE STATISTICS OF DUKHUN. 275 
manure, they have not any stable-yards, and the dearth of 
fuel compels them to burn much of their cow-dung ; and, with 
a singular fatuity and injurious caution, they sow half a dozen 
grains and pulses together in the same field, which necessarily 
impede the growth of each other, exhaust the soil, and give 
limited returns. The professed object is to assure, in the oc- 
casional uncertainty of the monsoons, some kind of return at 
least for their labours, which might have been wholly unpro- 
ductive had one grain only been sown. In short they want to 
have half a dozen strings to their bow instead of one. 
Wet Crop (Desh.)\—The grains so sown ripen in succes- 
sion, and two of them remain on the ground between nine and 
ten months; that is to say, from the beginning of June to the 
end of February. In their management of the plough, the 
Koonbees do not want dexterity. Their cattle have all 
names, know theiit names, and are obedient to them; with 
four bullocks to a plough, the leaders are guided entirely by 
the voice, and I have frequently seen quite a youth managing 
alone very cleverly his plough and four bullocks. 
In the Desh, in manuring land, the cart called Jang or 
Janjeea, is used; it consists simply of the common cart with a 
quite flat basket tied on the top of it, made by the Koonbees 
_ from the twigs of the Neergoondee, (Vitex trifolia,) or of the 
_ twigs of the 'Tooree, (Cytisus cajan.) The manure generally 
_ consists of the sweepings of their houses, which, from being 
__ usually cow-dunged every day and daily swept, are not trifling, 
_ and from the ashes also from their hearths. 
Crops are carted to the Kulleh, or farm-yard, from the fields 
_ bytheGarra. This consists of an upper horizontal rude frame- 
_ work supported on a thick axle-tree, and is removeable at 
5 pleasure. The wheels are of solid wood, small, placed under 
_ the frame-work, are not sufficiently far apart, and consequently 
_ subject the cart to upset, which is but too frequent an occur- 
rence. Wooden pegs and thongs keep the whole vehicle to- 
_ gether, and there is no more iron about the cart than the tire 
_ round the wheels and the hollow cylinders within the naves. 
This vehicle, considering the circumstances of the Koonbees, 
is expensive, costing from eighty to one hundred rupees, 
and it is only the most substantial among them who have 
arts. Having carted their grain, the Koonbees remove it to 
_ the Kulleh, or farm-yard. 
| Farm-yard.—The grain is stacked round a spot in the open 
air in a corner of one of their fields. This spot is circular, and 
has been prepared by beating and cow-dunging; a pole, called 
_ Tewrah, is fixed in the centre of it. In the reedy grains the 
_ T2 
