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ON THE STATISTICS OF DUKHUN. 285 
Owand tenure.—Any inhabitants of a village, cultivating 
lands in a neighbouring village, but not residing in that vil- 
lage, do so on the Owand tenure. The rate and terms are 
the Ooktee, and with respect to the village such cultivator is, 
in fact, an Oopuree, but his distinctive appellation is Owand- 
Kuree. 
The above are the tenures on which the government land 
revenue is raised, which in the four collectorates of Dukhun 
amounts to 82°372 per cent. of the whole revenue; this per 
centage, however, includes some trifling rents from government 
lands, gardens, orchards, grass lands, and sheep grazing, quit 
rents, fees, Hukdars, and extra cesses. 
Tenures involving alienations of lands.—I have now to 
speak of tenures which involve alienations of lands, from a 
few beegahs in a village, to whole districts: these are Jagheer 
and Henam in Khandesh; Surinjam, Eenam, and Doomalla 
in the Ahmednuggur Collectorate; Henam, Surinjam, and 
Eesaphut in Poona; and in Dharwar, Jooree Eenam, Surwa 
Eenam, and Jagheer: at least, such terms appeared in the 
population returns sent to me, and in the public papers which - 
I have. 
Jagheer.—Jagheer, which is a Persian word in its origin, is 
applied to lands given by government (or the government 
share of the rents) for personal support, or as a fief for the 
maintenance of troops for the service of the state: some ser- 
vice is implied in the personal as well as in the military 
Jagheer. In the Collectorates in Dukhun upwards of 400 
“populated villages appear to be alienated in Jagheer. 
Eenam.—EKenam is a word of Arabic origin, meaning a 
* gift,” ‘‘ present ;” and lands so held should be entirely free 
from tax to government; but a subsequent explanation of 
various tenures will show that Kenam has a much wider sig- 
nification than is generally supposed. This tenure is very 
extensive in Dukhun; for independently of the grants of whole 
towns and villages to individuals, of which there are 231 
alienated in the Poona Collectorate alone, and the other Col- 
w. 
_lectorates have a proportional share; independently also of 
_ grants for temples and religious institutions, almost every 
village has Kenam land held by the Pateel, Koolkurnee, and 
_ Mahrs, and very commonly the Deshmooks and Deshpandehs 
have also land rent free appertaining to their offices in the vil- 
_lages of their districts. ‘The Bara Bullooteh, or twelve village 
_artizans and officers, have often Kenam lands, but their Eenam 
____ is qualified by the imposition of some professional service, and 
it pays also a quit rent. Many of the Eenams are very 
curious in their objects; for instance, at th village of Wan- 
