292 SEVENTH REPORT—1837. 
(Skinner and Rope-maker). And in the third or Dhaktee 
Khas, the Kohlee (Waterman), Johesee (Astrologer), Gooruw 
(cleaner of, and attendant at the temple), and the Sonar 
(Silversmith) ; and, since the Moosulman rule, the Moolana or 
Moosulman priest and schoolmaster has been added. These 
persons, in their several lines, and according to their several 
abilities, were to do for the cultivators individually and the 
village collectively whatever might be required from them; 
and they were paid by an annual per-centage in kind upon the 
produce of the farmer; and this was called their Bullooteh, 
whence the term Bara Bullooteh: the fee being called Bul- 
looteh, and the receiver of it Bullootehdar. Very rarely could 
I get either farmer or Bullootehdar to state specifically what 
the one gave, and the other was entitled to receive; it de- 
pended very much upon the crops, and also upon the extent 
of services performed for each individual cultivator. These 
craftsmen have frequently small portions of Kenam lands, and 
part of their Bullooteh goes to government as a tax. 
Shet Sundee Tenure.—Lands were given to a kind of militia 
in the districts in place of pay, for the performance of certain 
duties, principally in the protection of their villages: this te- 
nure is called Shet Sundee from Shet “a field,” and Sunnud 
*‘a grant;” constituting the holders, in fact, a landed militia. 
Although this tenure may have been general at one period, 
I only observed lands set apart as Shet Sundee in five Per- 
gunnahs of the Poona collectorate, and I remarked it also at 
Kurmulla, Ahmednuggur collectorate. 
Tenure of Chowgulla.—There are several other tenures, of 
which a brief notice only may be given. The Chowgulla is 
the Pateel’s assistant; he is found in most villages; sometimes 
he has a trifling grant of land, but most commonly grain-fees 
from the landholders. This personage is called Buglah where 
the Kanree language is spoken. 
In some Turruffs a Havildar is met with; the term is of 
Arabic origin, from Hawala “charge,” “ custody,” and Dar 
*‘ agent,” “holder.” This officer was introduced by the Moosul- 
mans as a supervisor in the collection of the revenue of a cer- 
tain number of villages. He replaced the Hindoo Naik, who 
is still met with in some of the hill districts. The Havildar 
was paid by half a seer of grain from each beegah under culti- 
vation ; and for the Hindoo officer the same is levied, under the 
name of Naikwaree. At Kanoor, Ahmednuggur collectorate, 
the Naikwaree is 12 seers of grain on every 30 beegahs under 
cultivation. 
Tulwar.—In the southern villages bordering on the Kanree 
tracts, I met with the village or Turruff officer called Tulwar ; 
