320 SEVENTH REPORT—1837. 
are village festivals, dinners to government officers, donations to 
brahmans, feeding pilgrims, interest on money borrowed, ex- 
penses of the Pateel and village officers when attending the go- 
vernor of the district, oil in the temples, the Moosulman saint’s 
tomb (if there be one) coming in for its share of donation or 
annual allowance, strange as it may appear, from Hindoo cul- 
tivators. I regret much that my limits do not permit me to 
detail the expenses, many of which are very curious, and illus- 
trate habits and customs, The expenses being deducted from 
the collections, a balance is struck, which, under native govern- 
ments, /eft the Tunkha, or government original assignment, 
together with any extra assessment, if levied, such as Sur Desh- 
mookee, Chouth, &c. &c. To show how large a proportion of 
the village collections did not go to government, in one village, 
whose accounts I translated, the Tunkha, or government share, 
was 5500 rupees; and the Kumall, or total collections, 8522 
rupees; so that 3022 rupees, or more than 35 per cent. of the 
whole, went in village expenses, Hukdars, (Deshmooks and 
Deshpandehs,) and other claims. 
Wages. 
The amount of wages of agricultural labourers is of so much 
importance to the class constituting the major part of the 
community, and it assists the judgement so materially in 
estimating the condition of the people, that I shall offer all the 
details I was able to collect in the Dukhun bearing on the 
question. 
Farmers’ Artificers’ Work executed for Fees in Kind.— 
The trifling artificers’ and mechanics’ work required by the 
farmer being performed by the village artisans, in virtue of their 
offices and for fees in kind, it will not be necessary to enlarge 
on the remuneration for their labour: but to afford distinct 
ideas of its value, at the end of this paper I shall put into 
juxtaposition the rates paid by the Peshwah’s government and 
the British government to artificers, mechanics, and others. 
I made my inquiries on the subject of wages in towns and 
villages, the most distant from each other, to prevent the mistake 
of the adoption of local rates for those of general operation. 
Wages of Hushandmen and other Labourers at Nandoor.— 
At Nandoor, a British town in the Ahmednuggur collectorate, 
in March, 1827, I found that yearly husbandry servants got 
from 12 to 20 rupees* per annum and their food; a smart 
active man got about 15 rupees per annum and supplied him- 
self with clothes. 
® From 24 to 40 shillings. 
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