332 SEVENTH REPORT—1837. 
it would be idle to refer the origin of their weights and mea- 
sures to scientific principles, immutable standards, or even to 
any uniform, although arbitrary system. Their long measure is 
derived from the human arm, and their weights from a seed. 
In these derivations they have not been a whit more irrational 
than the good people of England, whose standard measure of 
length, the Ulna or Ell, is derived from the arm of one of their 
kings, (Henry the First), and their weights from grains of 
wheat. There is a great coincidence between the native 
weights and measures and those of antiquity. The first five 
subdivisions of the scripture measures of length are identical 
in their derivation, and nearly so in their length, with those of 
Dukhun ; namely, the finger, fist or palm, span, Haft or cubit, 
and fathom ; both also have the cvincidence of being destitute 
of a measure equivalent to a foot.. The foot was a constituent 
of the ancient Greek and Roman measures ; but in practice 
these nations used the finger, palm, and cubit; and the Pecus 
or great cubit of the Greeks was precisely of the length of the 
Dukhun cubit, namely, a fraction more than 18 inches. The 
ancient grain and liquid measures of England were raised from 
weight from a pound troy. For a very long period I had be- 
lieved the measures of capacity in Dukhun to be entirely arbi- 
trary ; but in the southern part of the country between the Seena 
and the Beema rivers, I met with ddholees with stamps on — 
them, directing that they should contain a certain weight of — 
grain ; for instance, at Punderpoor the Addholee was to contain 
as much Johr Guhoon (wheat), as would weigh 200 Ankoosee 
rupees, at Mohol 160 rupees’ weight of Joaree (Andropogon — 
Sorghum), at Taimbournee 131 rupees’ weight of Joaree, and at — 
Kothool, near to Ahmednuggur, 200 Ankoosee rupees’ weight — 
of Bajree (Panicum spicatum). 1 know not whether this slight — 
indication of systematic deduction of measures of capacity from 
those of weight is attributable to the Moosulmans or to the 
Hindoos. The places where they were met with, with one © 
exception, had until recently, been for ages under a Moosulman 
government (the Nizam’s), but it might have been practised be- — 
fore the arrival of the Moosulmans. It does not appear to have © 
occurred to the natives to use the weight of water, as the least — 
changeable standard by which to fix the capacity of a measure. — 
Army .—The army consists of some of the royal troops paid — 
by the India Company ; of European regiments of artillery and — 
infantry belonging to the Company, and of native regiments of 
cavalry, infantry, and pioneers, armed, clothed and disciplined 
in the same manner as the Kuropean troops. The army is 
