TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 81 
_ similarly to the inclination of the shales, at an angle of 15° or 20° N.E. 
by E., and in these sandstone strata the second fault is visible. Above 
the second fault, the dip of the sandstone strata is from 5° to 10° east. 
In the line of the second fault, the sandstone strata are projected ver- 
__ tically upwards, and are accompanied with ferruginous septaria. . The 
interval of about 6 feet, occasioned by the second fault, is filled up 
with ferruginous clay. 
On the opposite side of the Irwell, the sandstone strata are raised. 
vertically in the lines of these two faults, and are thus contrasted 
with the ordinary inclination of the sandstone strata, which is very 
gentle. 
The same faults are again visible on the river Roch, between Bury 
and Heywood, accompanied with similar phenomena to those observed 
at Brandlesholme. The sandstone rocks and black shales of the coal 
measures are found in a vertical position in the lines of the faults, 
while the general inclination of the carboniferous strata on each side 
of the fault is very gentle near Heywood, and does not exceed 10° 
towards the south-east. 
Many of the preceding details on the exact position of the strata 
in different localities have been taken from observations in several por- 
tions of South Lancashire, recently conducted by zealous and assidu- 
ous friends, at the request, and under the superintendence, of the 
author of this report. The author has here endeavoured to arrange 
and classify the materials of geological information which were afforded 
to him by the kind assistance of several proprietors of coal mines, and 
‘by other individuals well acquainted with the structure of the coal 
district. 
At Pendlebury, near Manchester, there are 21 beds of coal, whose 
total approximate thickness amounts to 25 yards, while the approximate 
thickness of the strata associated with the coal amounts to 1136 yards. 
Hence, the proportion of the beds of coal to the strata associated with 
the coal, is as 1 to 45 nearly. 
At Haigh, near Wigan, there are 27 beds of coal, whose total ap- 
proximate thickness amounts to 26 yards, while the total approximate 
thickness of the strata, associated with the coal, amounts to 1036 
_ yards, and the consequent proportion of the beds of coal to the 
associated strata, is as 1 to 40 nearly. 
On the Coal-Measures of West Lancashire. By W.C. WittiAmson. 
Mz. Williamson exhibited and explained several sections, combining 
the result of his own investigations with the practical observations of 
miners. A general section was exhibited, drawn up from observations at 
different points, of the saliferous and carboniferous strata, extending 
_ downwards nearly to the millstone grit. At Manchester the magnesian 
limestone almost disappears, merging with the clays of the lower new red 
sandstone, but contains the characteristic axinus obscurus and other fos- 
sils. The lower new red sandstone is unconformable to the coal-strata in 
VOL. vi. 1837. G 
