92 



EIGHTH REPOBT — 1838. 



occur two groups of thermal waters : the first, called the Warm 

 Spring, possessing a temperature of 96° Falir. ; the second, the Hot 

 Spring, having one of 102". Both emitted copious bubbles of air, 

 which by analysis were found to consist as follows : — 



Both these groups lie at a distance one from the other of about 3 

 miles, in a valley running neai'ly N. and S., which occurs exactly at the 

 part at which Professor Rogers, of Virginia, has placed the anticlinal 

 axis of this part of the Alleghany cham. The same series of I'ocks is 

 in fact repeated immediately to the east and west of the Springs, and 

 assumes a nearly vertical position in both cases. 



2nd. In the state of New York, at Lebanon, west of Albany, is a 

 thermal spring, possessing the temperature of 73°, and emitting bub- 

 bles of gas which consisted of nitrogen 89*4, oxygen 10'6, without a 

 trace of carbonic acid. It occurs near the junction of talcose slate 

 with highly inclined beds of limestone, belonging to the Transition or 

 Silurian system, and there are traces of a fault near it. 



The carbonated springs of Ballston and Saratoga are not in general 

 regarded as thermal, but the temperature of one of those of Ballston 

 was found to be 50*5, of the other 49*5 ; whilst at Saratoga, the New 

 Congress Spring and Hamilton Spring both had a temperature of 49-|, 

 and Congress Spring one of 51°. Now the mean temperature of Sche- 

 nectady, the nearest point to these springs at which a meteorological 

 register has been kept, is stated to be only 46*20. The gas given out 

 by both these groups of springs was of the same qualitj', consisting 

 chiefly of carbonic acid, but containing also a small residuary portion 

 of air, in which nitrogen existed in larger quantity than in the atmo- 

 sphere. 



3rd. In the state of Arkansas, near the river Wachita, between the 

 34th and 35th parallels of latitude, and 16 degrees of longitude west of 

 Washington, occurs a group of thermal springs, varying in temperature 

 from 148° to 118° of Fahr., and emitting bubbles of gas which were 

 found to consist of carbonic acid 4, nitrogen 92*4, oxygen 7'6. They 

 gush ovit from the junction of clay slate with quartz rock, both belong- 

 ing to the primary chain of the Ozark mountains. 



The professor concluded by pointing out the corresjDondence between 

 the phenomena of these springs, both as regards the composition of the 

 gases emitted, and their position amongst rocks that had been sub» 

 jected to violent action in their immediate neighbourhood, with those 

 which he had deduced in his report on mineral waters, published in the 

 Transactions of the British Association for 1836, from a survey of the 

 mineral waters existing in various parts of Europe. 



