4, Stand and Stajf' 

 for a Level. — By W. L. 

 Wharton, Esq., Dryburn. 

 A stand and staff for a 

 level, intended to expedite 

 the common operations of 

 levelling. The axis of the 

 telescope, and theZei'Oofan 

 ascending and also a de- 

 scending scale upon the staff, are fixed at one height (5 feet) above 

 the ground, and the difference of level of the respective sites of 

 the staff and stand is at once ascertained from one or the other 

 scale, upon directing the telescope (when adjusted) to the staff. 



5. Safety Coal Gin.— 3. G. Wright, Wakefield. 



6. Specimens illustrating the Process of manufacturing 

 Needles by Patent Machinery. — Invented by Mr, Samuel 

 Cocker, Porter Works, Sheffield. 



No. I. — Soft steel wire in lengths for 2 needles. 



2. — Do. pointed on conical files, making 10,000 revolutions per 



minute. 

 3. — Do. grooved with an indentation for the eye. 

 4. — Do. do. and eyed. 



5. — Do. filed, headed, and eyed, by punching. 

 6. — Do. filed, headed, drilled, and countersunk. 

 7- — Needles made according to the old mode. 

 8. — Finished needles (sharps) made by patent macliinery. 

 9. — Do. (betweens) do. 



The value of labour from the wire No. 1 to No. 7 (inclusive) would * 

 be Is. Id. per thousand. The expence by patent machinery from No. 

 1 to No. 5 or 6, inclusive. Id. per thousand. 



100 patent machines, which would occupy four rooms, each about 

 25 yards by 10, will, by the power of a six horse steam engine, be suf- 

 ficient to produce 14,000,000 needles per week. 



The fash, made in grooving, is filed off by circular cutters, in the last 

 operation of the machine, leaving the needle in the state of No. 5 or 6. 



7. A Specimen of Flooring Deals with Hoop Iron Sliffers. — 

 Wm. Holmes, Newcastle. — The advantages of which are — firm- 



