REPORT ON MINERAL AND THERMAL WATERS. Go 



the Andes, are instances of the former ; those of Ischia, noticed 

 bj' myself, and those enumerated under the head of " siinple 

 thermal ivaters," by Anglada*, and by Foderef, which latter are 

 called in the country chaudons, and spring from below beds of 

 gypsum, I consider to be illustrative of the latter. 



The connexion of thermal waters with uplifted chains will 2nd, near 

 best be seen by coupling this description of springs with the systems of 

 carbonated ones which usually accompany them, and which, ^ ^''^''°"* 

 from the similarity of their mineral, and still more of their gaseous 

 constitution, no less than that of their geological position, seem 

 plainly referable to the same system of causes. 



Gustavus Bischof, in the work so often quoted, has enume- 

 rated nine of these groups existing in different parts of Europe, 

 alike impregnated with carbonic acid and soda. These are 



1. The springs of the Eyfel and Siebengebirge. 



2. Those of the Westerwald and Taunus. 



3. Of the Habichtswald, Meissner, Vogelsgebirge, and Rhon- 

 gebirge. 



4. Of the Fichtelgebirge. 



5. Of the Erzgebirge. 



6. Of the Bohemian Mittelgebirge. 



7. Of the Riesengebirge in Silesia. 



8. Of Auvergne and the Vivarais in France. 



9. Of the Pyrenees +. 



Now it is to be observed, that of the above groups two, 

 namely, the mineral springs of the Rhine Province, and those of 

 Central France, belong to our antecedent class ; and that a por- 

 tion at least of the sixth group is allied to the same, since the 

 mineral waters of Toeplitz and Bilin are manifestly in connex- 

 ion with the porphyry-slate, and the volcanic products of the 

 Mittelgebirge, and those of Franzensbad, with the little volcanic 

 crater and scoriform lava of the Kammerburg in its immediate 

 neighbourhood. 



With regard to the remainder, it may be remarked, that 

 the existence of trappean or porphyritic rocks in the vicinity 

 of many of tliem, is a circumstance strongly corroborative of 

 their volcanic origin, and consequently of the operation of forces 

 capable of uplifting the mountains in their vicinity. 



It is likewise a negative proof of the same connexion, that no 

 mineral springs of such a constitution are found on the continent 

 of Europe, considerably north of the limit to which basaltic and 



* Vol. ii. p. 170. 



f Voyages mix Alpesmaritimes, p. 155. 



% We have seen, however, that Anglada denies the existence of carbonic 

 acid in these waters. 



