48 SIXTH EEl'ORT — 1836. 



divisional planes in them; and explained the bearing of these data 

 on the general question of the origin of the fissures now filled by the 

 mixed or distinct masses of sparry, metallic, and earthy matters which 

 constitute mineral veins. 



A Notice of the Remains of Vertebrated Animals found in the Tertiary 

 Beds of Norfolk and Suffolk. By Edward Charlesworth, F. G.S. S(C. 



The author brings forward this paper principally with a view to sub- 

 stantiate the fact that some of the marine fossiliferous deposits on the 

 eastern coast of England, belonging to the tertiary epoch, contain the 

 remains of extinct and existing species of terrestrial mammalia, clearly 

 contemporaneous with the shells and other organic bodies associated 

 with them. ..~, 



In 1835 the author described a newly-discovered bed of fossils sepa- 

 rating the crag from the London clay at various localities in Suffolk, 

 which he proposed to call " CoralUne crag," suggesting at the same 

 time the term "Red Crag" as an appropriate designation for the overlying 

 ferruginous shelly strata with which geologists were already familiar. 

 Having never detected the remains of mammalia in either of the above- 

 named deposits, and believing that the crag of Norfolk was merely an 

 extension of the upper or red crag of Suffolk, the author, in common with 

 Professor Phillips and some other geological writers, had thrown doubts 

 upon the existence of the bones of elephants and other land animals in 

 the tertiary beds of the former county, believing that their supposed 

 occurrence probably originated in the erroneous identification of dilu- 

 vium with crag ; the extremely superficial character of the latter, and 

 the abrasion to which it has in some places been exposed, rendering a 

 precise separation of the two a matter sometimes of considerable diffi- 

 culty. 



A recent examination however of Norfolk has produced a totalc hange 

 in the opinions previously entertained by the author ujjon this subject, 

 for he finds that not only are the bones of land animals constantly found 

 in the so-called crag of that county, but that they are of most frequent 

 occurrence in those particular beds which furnish the strongest evidence 

 of tranquil deposition; and further, the bones strictly belonging to these 

 beds of marine origin can be at once distinguished from those of the 

 overlying diluvial or lacustrine deposits by the peculiar chemical change 

 which the former have undergone. The list of mammalia enumerated 

 by the author belonging to the tertiary period includes six or eight 

 species of rodentia and ruminantia, one of the genus Intra, besides teeth 

 of the elephant, hippopotamus, and mastodon. Dr. WiUiam Smith was 

 the first who announced the discovery of the mastodon in our own 

 countrjr, and though geologists have generally refused to place it upon 

 the list of British fossil pachydermata, the existence of this genus has 

 recently been most completely established by the researches of Mr. 

 Fitch and Mr. Woodward of Norvnch, and Captain Alexander of Yar- 

 mouth. 



