REPORT ON THE GEOLOGY OF NORTH AMERICA. £5 



vertical position upoatiie bones of the fore arm. The right fore 

 arm inclined a little backwards, and the foot immediately below 

 was a little in advance of the other, in the attitude of walking. 

 Ten inches below the surface was the sacrum, with the pelvis 

 united though decayed. The femora were close by, but lay xn 

 a position nearly horizontal, the right less than the left, and 

 both at right angles with the spine. Both tibiae, each with its 

 fibula, stood nearly erect in their natural place beneath the fe- 

 mora, and below them were the bones of the hinder feet in their 

 places : no caudal vertebrae were seen. The marsh had been 

 drained for three years, and the surface had in consequence 

 been lowered about two feet, producing, it has been conjectured, 

 the dislocated attitude of the thigh-bones. Beneath the peaty 

 bed a sandy stratum was seen, and all the feet were noticed to 

 be standing upon the top of this floor of the bog." 



I have already described the nature of the beds in which the 

 antediluvian Mastodon tooth was found at Fort M' Henry near 

 Baltimore; and concerning the bed in which the cane specimens, 

 the Megalonyx, &c., have been buried, I have no uiformation 

 sufficiently satisfactory to offer. 



Localities of Fossil Mammalia. —'Eleph as primigenius : 

 Big Bone Lick, Kentucky, the teeth especially in great num- 

 bers. Biggin Swamp, in South Carolina, teeth eight or nine 

 feet below the surface. (Drayton.) Kentucky has furnished the 

 greatest number of teeth, but South Carolina the largest col- 

 lection of other parts of the skeleton. (Godman.) Monmouth 

 County, New Jersey. (Mitchell.) Opelousas, west of the Missis- 

 sippi, bones and teeth in recent alluvium. (See Durald in Ann. 

 Phil. Trans, vol. vi. p. 55., also Darby in Mitchell's translation 

 of Cuvier's Theory of the Earth.) Stone in Carolina, teeth. 

 (Catesby.) Queen Anne's County, Maryland, a grinder, dif- 

 fering considerably from the tooth either of the living or fossil 

 species, in stiff blue clay by the side of a marsh. 



Mastodon maximus : Big Bone Lick, Kentucky, in a dark 

 coloured marsh, the upper stratum somewhat gravelly, the 

 substratum a blue tenacious clay, both imbedding bones ; over 

 all a light yellow soil, brought apparentiy from the adjacent 

 high grounds: all the larger bones broken as if by violent action 

 (Cooper). 



The remains of Mastodon are found indeed in nearly all the 

 Western States in bogs and soft meadows uncovered by any di- 

 luvial stratum. White River, Indiana, upper jaw and teeth. 

 (Mitchell.) The marshes and bogs near the Walkill, west of 

 the Hudson, New York. Tliis vicinity yielded the first and 

 finest skeleton yet procured, viz. the magnificent specunen in 

 the Philadelphia Museum. (Peale.) Also on the North Holston^ 



