158 FOURTH REV'ORT — 1834. 



taken from the general form, which Blainville finds in accord- 

 ance with those derived from the nervous system when this is 

 present. The first of these subkingdoms he terms Artiomorphes 

 or Artiozoaires, being that in which the form is symmetri- 

 cal, or the parts disposed symmetrically on each side of the 

 body ; the second, Actinomorphes or Actitio-^oaires, in which 

 the parts radiate from a common centre ; the third, Hete.ro- 

 morphes or Heterozoaires, in which the form is indeterminate. 

 The ArtiomorpJies are referred to three secondary types, cha- 

 racterized from the arrangement of the locomotive organs : 

 (1.) Osteozoaires, in which the body and limbs are composed of 

 several pieces articulated together, the articulations not being 

 visible from without; (2.) Entomozoaires, in which the body 

 and limbs are likewise articulated, the articulations being exter- 

 nally visible ; (3.) 3Ialacozoaires, in which the body is of one 

 single piece, and not divided into several parts. The Osteo- 

 zoaires are the same as the Vertehrata of Cuvier. The Ento- 

 mozoaires answer nearly to his AtDiuhsa, including, besides the 

 classes referred to that type in the liegiie Animal, the Entozoa, 

 and likewise the Cirripeda and the genus Chiton. These two 

 last groups, however, form a subtj^pe, which Blainville calls 

 Malentozoaires or MoUuscarticiiUs. The Malacozoaires cor- 

 respond to the Mollusca of Cuvier, excluding the Cin-ipeda 

 and the genus Chiton just mentioned. "The second subking- 

 dom, Actinomorphes, comprises the Hadiata of Cuvier, with the 

 exception of the Sponges, Infusoria, and Stony Corallines, 

 which compose the third subkingdom, or Heteromorphes. 

 Blainville's system, though different from Cuvier's, deserves to 

 be studied, from its indicating many new affinities which had 

 not been before noticed. Its author however has adopted, and 

 in many instances very unnecessarily, an entirely new nomen- 

 clature, which alone has been sufficient to prevent it from having 

 been generally received by naturalists. 



In 1825, Latreille published his Families Naturelles dii 

 Regne Animal, in which he considers the animal kingdom as 

 primarily divided into three great series : Vertehrata, the essen- 

 tial character of which group he does not derive however from 

 the vertebral column, so much as from the presence of a brain, 

 consisting always of a cerebrum and cerebellum, and the great 

 sympathetic nerve, whereby it is particularly distinguished from 

 his second group, Cephalidia, in which the brain is only rudi- 

 mentary, and the third, Acephala, in which it no longer exists. 

 His Cephalidia embrace the Annulosa and Mollusca of Cuvier, 

 with the exception of the Ac&phales sans coquilles. These, with 

 the Zoophytes of the same author, constitute his Acephala. 



