REPORT ON ZOOLOGY. 173 



1 804. It has not been adopted however by Cuvier, who divides 

 the whole group into four orders, Cheloniens, Sauriens, Ophi- 

 diens, and Batraciens, being the same arrangement as that of 

 Brongniart*. Blainvillet follows Latreille in considering the 

 Reptilia and Amphibia as distinct classes, but differs from all 

 his predecessors in his subordinate groups. Attaching more im- 

 portance to the organs of generation than those of locomotion, 

 he has thought fit to unite the Saurians and Ophidians under 

 the name of JBispeniens ; at the same time detaching the Croco- 

 diles to form a distinct order, which he calls Emydosauriens. 

 The class Amphibia he divides into four orders, Batraciens, 

 Pseudosauriens or Salamanders, Subichthyens {Proteus, Siren, 

 &c.), and Pseudophydiens {Ccecilia). In 1820, Merrem pub- 

 lished his arrangement of the AmphibiaX, under which name, 

 although he includes both the above classes, he considers these 

 as forming two divisions, which he calls Pholidota and Batra- 

 chia respectively. His Pholidota are distributed into three or- 

 ders, which correspond with those of Blainville, but are called 

 Testudinata, Loricata, and Squamata. The Batrachia include 

 the three subordinate groups of Apoda {Ccecilia), Salientia 

 {Rana, &c.), and Gradientia {Triton, Proteus, &c.). Mr. Mac- 

 Leay§, adopting the Amphibia as a distinct class, would divide 

 the true Reptilia into the five groups of Chelonians, Emydo- 

 saurians, Saurians, Dipod Ophidians, and Aj)od Ophidiasis. 

 He considers the first and last of these groups as meeting in 

 the Emys longicoUis, thus causing the five to unite and form a 

 circle. He looks upon the whole class as connected with that 

 of Aves by means of the Chelonians. Latreille ||, preserv- 

 ing the Reptilia and Amphibia as distinct classes, divides 

 the former into the two sections of Cataphracta and Squamosa. 

 His Cataphracta include Blainville's two orders of Chelonians 

 and Emydosaurians. The Squamosa, answering to the Bisjie- 

 niens of Blainville, comprise, as two other orders, his Sauri- 

 ans and Ophidians. The Amjihibia are divided into the two 

 orders of Caducibra)ichia and Perennihranchia. In 1825, Mr. 

 Gray published in the Anti. of Phil, an arrangement of the 

 c\&%^Q& Reptilia and Amphibia, in conformity with MacLeay's 

 principles. As his primary groups are slightly modified in a 

 later treatise on these animals, to be alluded to presently, perhaps 

 it is unnecessary to specify them particularly. In 1826, Fitz- 



* Essai d'une Classification naturelle des Reptiles. Paris, 1805. 

 t Principes, &c., tab. 5. 



X Tent amen Systematis Amphihiorum. Marpurg. 1820, 8vo. This work is, 

 strictly speaking, a second edition of one published by the same author in 1800. 

 § Hor. Ent., p. 263. || Fam. Nat. 



