174 FOURTH HKPORT — 1834. 



inger published a new classification of these animals* founded 

 upon their natural affinities. He considers the Bejjtilia and 

 Amphibia of Latreille in the light of orders only, to which he 

 affixes the names of Motiopnoa (Reptiles breathing all their life 

 by lungs only), and Dipnoa (breathing by lungs and gills at 

 the same time). It will be seen that these two groups corre- 

 spond to the Pholidnta and Batracliia of Merrem. The Mono- 

 pnoa he divides into four tribes, the first three being the same as 

 Merrem's orders, with the same names ; the fourth, called Nuda, 

 embracing the single family of CcEcilice. The Dipnoa he sepa- 

 rates into the two tribes of MutahHia and Immutahilia, the 

 former comprising those Amphibia which do, and the latter 

 those which do not, undergo metamorphosis. In the Nov. Act. 

 8^c. Nut. Cur. for 1828, Dr. Ritgen has published an arrange- 

 ment of the Amphibia in which he admits but three orders, an- 

 swering to the Ophidia, Chelonia, and Sauriaoi other authors. 

 This last, however, is made to include the Batrachia as well as 

 the true Saurians. He has selected for most of his groups new 

 terms, wliich from their great length will never be adopted gene- 

 rally. Waglerf has very much augmented the orders of this 

 class, in like manner as he has done those of the Mammalia and 

 Birds. He adopts eight : Testudines, Crocodili, L,acertce, Ser- 

 pcntes,Angues (comprising the genera Aconfias, Chirotes, Chal- 

 cides, and AmphisbcBna of the RPgne Anim.), CcEcilicE, Ranee, 

 and Ichthr/odi {Subichthyens of Blainville). In 1831, Mr. Gray 

 published his Si/nopsis Reptilium, of which only the first part 

 has as yet appeared, comprising the Cataphracta of Latreille, 

 whose arrangement is for the most part adopted, with the ex- 

 ception of a new order instituted for the reception of the Ophio- 

 sauri, the second division of Latreille's order Saurii. C. L. 

 Bonaparte, in his Saggio di una Distribuzione, Sec, published 

 the same year, adopts the term Amphibia as a general name for 

 the whole group of which we are treating. These he divides 

 into the two sxibclasses of Reptilia and Batrachia, which are 

 again divided into sections, the former into four, and the latter 

 into two, before arriving at the orders. Thus we have Sect. 1. 

 Testudinata, comprising the single order of Chelonii ; Sect. 2. 

 Loricata, comprising the two orders of Enaliosaurii {Ichfki/o- 

 sauras and Plesiosuiirus,) and Efinydosaiirii, Blainv. ; Sect. 3. 

 Squamata, comprising the three orders of Saurii, Saurophidii 

 {Amj)hisba:na), and Ophidii ; Sect. 4. Nnda, comprising the 

 single order of Batrachophidii ( Ccecilia) . In the subclass Ba- 

 trachia, we have Sect. 1 . Mutabilia, comprising the order Ca- 



* Neue Classification der Replilien, &c. 4to, Vienn. 1826. 

 + Natiirliches System, &c. 



