630 FOURTH REPORT — 1834. 



cecB, Filices, and similar plants, are easily distinguishable in the 

 impressions visible on the sandstones and shales. It is by these 

 limestones that the remarkable foldings are exhibited, which do 

 not occur in the strata of shale lying above and below them. 

 Thesie foldings are seen at Berwick and at Scremerston on the 

 shore. 



These coal-measures cross the Tweed, and are observable in 

 the lower parts of Berwickshire. But the only members of 

 them there indubitably belonging to the formation are the 

 sandstones and a few shales. The rest of the formation, of more 

 doubtful character, consists of thick beds of argillaceous blue 

 clay, and strata of marl and sandstone, slightly impregnated with 

 calcareous matter. 



The thick beds of sandstone of decidedly carboniferous cha- 

 racter are dark red, white, and yellowish, as usually occurs in 

 coal-fields, and the same beds or strata may be traced running 

 through the country for many miles. All the freestone quar- 

 ries in Berwickshire are worked in these carboniferous strata, 

 which are sometimes 50 or 80 feet in thickness. These sand- 

 stones are filled with all the impressions of vegetable remains 

 usual in coal-fields, and no difference of any sort can be ob- 

 served between them and the sandstones of the Mid Lothian 

 deposits. 



On some of the beds of shale found on the banks of the Tweed, 

 not far below Coldstream, impressions of marine shells are 

 abundant, which seem to be of the genus Modiola. 



Mr, Milne here also mentioned that on the north side of the 

 Tweed, along the sea-coast, these coal-measures are accompanied 

 not merely by the characteristic limestone, but also by three 

 seams of workable coal. These coal-seams may be traced along 

 the coast from Scremerston and Berwick, and are undoubtedly 

 a continuation of the seams which occur there. But they form 

 a narrow belt along the coast, and at length disappear under the 

 German Ocean, at a point where the trap of Lamberton Hill 

 projects into the sea, and throws up the coal-measures, not only 

 on their edges, but so as to form an obtuse angle with the hoi'i- 

 zontal basis of the hill. About thirty years ago these three seams 

 of coal were worked on several parts of the Berwickshire coast, 

 and the proprietor has lately again advertized them to be let. 



Mr. Milne then came to describe those other deposits of 

 doubtful character, which some have considered as of more re- 

 cent origin, and belonging to the new red sandstone series. 

 Mr. Milne described them as consisting generally of blue clay 

 beds, and their marl strata, the latter being generally of a 

 lightish brown, sometimes a yellowish colour. The ordinary 



