ON BRITISH FOSSIL MAMMALIA. 69 



Felis in the red crag, below the so-called mammaliferous crag near Wood- 

 bridge, Suffolk ; the Ursine fossil in question is the antepenultimate grinder 

 of the right side, upper jaw ; it is smaller than the corresponding tooth in the 

 Ursus spelaus. 



The most recent remains of the Bear which can claim to be included in 

 the present Report, are those already mentioned, which have been disco- 

 vered about five feet below the surface in the Manea Fen, Cambridgeshire. 



Sir Philip Egerton possesses a fine example of the right superior maxillary 

 and intermaxillary bone of the Bear from this locality. 



The jaw nearly equals in size that of the Ursus spelceus, but differs in the 

 much shorter interspace between the canine and the third molar tooth, count- 

 ing from behind forwards ; likewise in having this interspace occupied by 

 two small and simple-fanged false molars. The crown of the penultimate 

 grinder is broader in proportion to its length or antero-posterior diameter. 

 The difference in regard to the presence of the two first false molars must be 

 allowed due weight, since the present Fen Bear has its grinders much worn, 

 whilst the Cave Bear, with which it is compared, is a younger but full-grown 

 specimen, with the tubercles of the grinding teeth entire, and the last molar 

 tooth of the Fen Bear has a narrower posterior termination than in the Cave 

 Bear. The Fen Bear differs also from the Ursus priscus, which retains the 

 two first false molars, by their being in contact, which results from the nar- 

 rower interspace between the canine and the third false molar, which inter- 

 space is relatively as wide in the Ursus priscus as in the Ursus spelceus ; and 

 a great proportion of this interspace divides the first from the second false 

 molar in the Ursus priscus. This likewise cannot be a difference dependent 

 on age or sex, for the jaw of the Fen Bear here described belonged to an 

 individual absolutely larger than the Ursus priscus, with which it is com- 

 pared ; and, judging from the size of the canine incisor teeth, the Fen Bear 

 was probably an old male. The grinding surface of the molars prove it to 

 have been a much older individual than the Ursus priscus with which it is 

 compared, and to have attained that age when no difference could be ex- 

 pected to take place in the length of the interspaces of any of the teeth. In 

 all the characters in which the upper jaw of the Fen Bear differs from that of 

 the two species of Cave Bear with which it has been compared, it agrees with 

 the Ursus arctos, especially the Black, or Norwegian variety. 



In the museum of Prof. Sedgwick at Cambridge there is an entire cranium 

 of the same species of Bear from the Manea Fen, which enables us to extend 

 the comparison of this ancient British species with those still existing in 

 Europe. In regard to which it may be observed that the cranium of the 

 Manea Fen Bear in its less convex forehead, and the length of the sagittal 

 crest, which commences at a greater distance, in front of the occiput, resembles 

 the black variety of Ursus arctos more than it does the Brown Bear. 



As it may serve to further elucidate the characters of the Cave Bears (Ursi 

 spelceus et priscus), as well as those of the Ursus arctos, of which I regard 

 the specimens under consideration to be a variety, I shall add a few observa- 

 tions arising out of the comparison of the lower jaw of the Fen Bear. The 

 specimen, which is in the collection of Sir Philip Egerton, consists of the left 

 ramus of the lower jaw, from Manea Fen, Cambridgeshire. It equals in 

 length the largest specimen of the lower jaw of the Ursus spelceus, but differs 

 from that species in the more simple form of the last spurious molar, or the 

 fourth grinder counting from behind forwards ; for, whereas the Cave Bear 

 has two distinct cusps developed upon that tooth, in the present species there 

 is only one cusp, as in the Black, Brown and White Bears. The Bear of the 

 Fen also differs from the Ursus spelceus in the shorter interspace between the 



