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TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 101 
In the spring of 1855, the scions of these various varieties were inserted one upon 
each branch, all of which had been cut back to within six inches of the main stem. 
Thus the important process of what is called double grafting, or grafting upon a graft, 
was effected,—a process greatly tending to extra fruitfulness in the tree. Almost each 
graft of the above succeeded ; and the growth of the whole came off simultaneously, 
and with nearly equal luxuriance, the same healthful progress resulting in 1856, but 
with the interesting addition of numerous sets of flower-buds on many of the 
grafts. In the spring of the present year the blossoms set freely, and now there 
are upwards of one hundred fine specimens of fruit upon so many of the sorts, that 
they will, in the order of their ripening, nearly, if not fully, realize the result hoped 
for. 
Thus, in July, we had Citron des Carmes; in August, Belle d’Aousti; in Septem- 
ber, we shall have Beurre d’Amanlis; in October, Flemish Beauty ; in November, 
Napoleon; in December, Glout Morceau ; in January, Beurre Langelier ; in Febru- 
‘ary, Winter Beurre; in March, Easter Beurre; in April, Late Bergamot; in May, 
Beurre Rance; in June, Suzzette de Bavey. 
These, therefore, may fairly be looked upon as the types of the monthly classes | 
as they will come to maturity for the table; and thus by having so many duplicates, 
as to their times of coming into season, under ordinary circumstances, we may rea- 
sonably expect that the circle of monthly supply from the one tree will be completed 
year by year. The value and importance of the above curious result, particularly 
where wall accommodation is limited, will at once appear; but besides this, the 
opportunity that will be presented for comparison between one variety and the other, 
and the ready ascertainment of their respective qualities and characters, must greatly 
tend to the enjoyment and pleasure, as well as profit, of the interested cultivator. 
Remarks on the Siliceous Cells formed in the Frustules of Diatomacee. 
By J. RAwFs. 
Mr. James Yates exhibited a specimen of a cone from the greensand, resembling 
externally certain forms of Cycads, but which from the position of the seeds, he 
thought must be referred to the Conifere. He also exhibited a specimen of the 
stem of a fossil Cycad, which bore a close resemblance to the recent Cycadacee. 
ZOoLoGy. 
On the Sea Fisheries of Ireland, with reference to their investigation practi- 
cally and scientifically. By WitL1AM ANDREWS. 
This paper was chiefly directed to pointing out the want of knowledge that had 
hitherto existed in carrying out all projects connected with the fisheries of the coasts 
of Ireland ; hence the repeated failures of Companies formed for those objects. 
Habits and seasons of the fish frequenting the coasts, periods of spawning, and 
characteristics of spawn and spawning grounds, peculiarity of the soundings and 
marine animals, were branches of knowledge of essential importance, and these were 
treated of scientifically and practically in the paper. In. the many investigations 
that had been held with regard to the regulations of trawling, much ignorance had 
been shown by fishermen (who had opposed the working of the trawl boats) in 
their knowledge of the nature of the spawn of the several kinds of fish which were 
trawled for, and this was proved in an inquiry usade at Galway in 1852, where Mr. 
Andrews had shown that masses of a substance, which the fishermen had averred to 
be the spawn of fish, was nothing more than a species of sponge, the Cliona Celata 
of Johnston, and which frequently occurred in clear ground in Galway Bay in fifteen 
to twenty fathoms. 
On a List of additions to Irish Lepidoptera. By E. BrrcHa.t. 
In the list of Lepidoptera drawn up by the Rev. J. Green, there are 415 species 
