148 REPORT—1857. 
posterior length ; smallness of biparietal measurement, with apparent compression 
of the sides; roundness and projection of frontal region ; absence of sagittal suture ; 
this last being the determining cause of all the other peculiarities. 1t may easily be 
imagined how this flattened appearance of the temporal regions may have suggested 
the custom of compression spoken of by Hippocrates. 
On the Remains of early Stone-built Fortresses and Habitations in the 
County of Kerry. By Grorce V. Du Noyer, MR.LA. 
In this paper attention was directed to a class of Celtic antiquities hitherto but 
slightly noticed by archeologists, and in this instance to an extensive group of those 
buildings discovered by the author in the summer of 1856, and which occupy a line 
of three miles in extent along the southern tope of Mount Eagle; they amount to 
more than seventy in number, and he considered he was justified in calling this 
remarkable collection of edifices erected in pre-historic times, ‘‘ a Celtic city.” 
The buildings consisted of massive stone houses of dry masonry, variable in their 
internal ground-plan, which was sometimes circular or elliptical, or a waved-oval, 
or semi-oval, or semicircular, or square; and in one instance, north of Kilmalkedar, 
the house consisted of two apartments, one square and the other circular, both con- 
nected by a straight passage ; when perfect, these buildings terminated in a dome- 
shaped roof ; the stones, overlapping each other on the wall, rose till one stone closed 
in the top. Groups of such houses are often surrounded by a massive stone wall, 
as if intended for warlike purposes, or they occur singly of one, two, or three separate 
apartments, more or less circular in plan,and evidently intended for residences merely; 
some are yet quite perfect, but generally the roofs have fallen in. One of the most 
important of the former class is called ‘‘ Caher-na-mactirech,” or the stone Fort of 
the Wolves, and it presents many peculiarities of architecture which renders it unique 
of its kind. Of the latter class he instanced a triple-chambered building, waved 
oval in plan, and 80 feet in its longest diameter; this is known as ‘‘ Caher-fada-an- 
doruis,”’ or the long Fort of the Doors. 
The highest authorities on Irish Archeology attribute the erection of such buildings 
as are described in this paper to the Firbolg and Tuatha de Danann tribes, who 
inhabited this country prior to the introduction of Christianity. 
In conclusion, the author dwelt on what must have been the habits as well as the 
probable social condition of the people who erected such rude and solid buildings, 
which, from their sequestered position and other favouring causes, have been preserved 
through the lapse of ages to the present time. 
On the Sea of Azof, and the Sivash or Putrid Sea. 
By Capt. S. Osporn, RN. 
Abstract of the Report of James Anderson, Esq., Chief Factor of the Hud- 
son's Bay Company, commanding a Searching Party that descended the 
Great Fish River in quest of the Remains of the Crews of the ‘ Erebus’ 
and * Terror’ in 1855. By Sir Joun Ricwarpson, #.N., F.RS. 
The author gives the details of his survey, illustrated by a map of a new route 
between the Mountain Portage on the shores of the Great Slave Lake and the Lake 
Aylmer of Sir George Back, comprising about 200 miles of water communication, 
interrupted by rapids and short portages. 
On Lake Franklin, near the mouth of the Great Fish River, Mr. Anderson came to 
an Eskimo encampment of three tents. The inmates were in possession of various 
articles that had belonged to Sir John Franklin’s party, viz. a letter-clip bearing date 
1843, fragments of elm, oak, mahogany, and white pine boards, some of them 
painted white. From the want of an interpreter it was very difficult to obtain correct 
answers to queries from these simple and friendly people. Printed books were shown 
to them and pieces of written paper, with the offer of large rewards for anything of 
the kind, but they signified that they had none. The women exhibited much intelli- 
gence, and apparently a ready comprehension, They made signs by pressing the 
