150 REPORT—1857. 
Phulloot) ; this is the same mountain, exceeding 29,000 feet English, which, inde- 
pendent of Mr. Hermann Schlagintweit’s measurements, was signalized in 1856 by 
Col. Waugh, from the Proceedings of the Trigonometrical Survey, as the highest 
mountain, and was called by him Mount Everest, after his distinguished predecessor. 
This is the highest mountain in the world at present known, being considerably 
over 29,000 feet above the level of the sea. The natives have two names for it: one 
of them, Gaurisankar, which is mythological, is to be found only in the Nepaulese 
territories; and the second name, Chingopanmari, is that by which it is known among 
the people of Tibet to the north. The name Deodunga, which was mentioned by 
Mr. Hodgson occasionally in connexion with this peak, was not the name of this 
mountain, but of a small mountain some 8000 feet high, which lies in the same 
direction when seen from Katmandoo. 
It is very remarkable that the signification of Gaurisankar, a Sanscrit word, is 
identical with the Bhutea word Chaura Cha ri, probably the highest peak of 
Bhutan proper. 
Gauri Chanca means the female deity. 
Sankar Cha, the male god, Sankar especially being a form for Shiva. 
Ri, in Bhutea (mountain) is the only part not represented in Gaurisankar. 
After leaving Sikkim, Hermann, having examined a part of the Bhootan Hima- 
layas and Upper Assam, returned to Calcutta by the Brahmapootra and the delta 
of the Ganges. Adolphe and Robert left Calcutta in March 1855, and after passing 
through the north-western provinces, reached Nainital, and then went to Milum, 
and thence to Tibet. 
They investigated the geographical and other features of the country as they went 
on; the principal of which was the alluvial deposit along an immense valley, the 
largest probably in the world. In this valley the Indus and the Dihong both take 
their rise, and flow in opposite directions, but nearly in one line, for hundreds of 
miles, their origin being separated only by a small rise in the surface of the valley. 
They then went to the Ibi Gamin, and having encamped on a glacier there, at the 
height of 19,220 feet, on the evening of the 18th of August, they on the 19th of 
August succeeded in reaching the flanks of the Ibi Gamin (called Kamet by Capt. 
Strachey), at the height of 22,260 feet, the greatest height which had ever been 
attained on any mountain. They returned to the plains of Hindostan by different 
routes, each pursuing his special inquiries. 
Mr. Robert then entered into some details respecting the operations during the 
next cold season. He went to Central India, where he visited the plateau of Amar- 
kantak, which is ouly about 3300 English feet above the level of the sea, though it 
is erroneously supposed to be 8000 feet. Four rivers take their rise in the neigh- 
bourhood of this plateau, the Nerbudda, the Soane, the Fohilla, and the Mahanaddy. 
Mr. Adolphe went through Central and Southern India down to Trichinopoly, 
visited the Nilgherries, and returned afterwards by Madras and Calcutta to the 
North-west provinces. 
The three brothers again met at Simla, previous to commencing the operations 
intended for the summer of 1856. 
Mr. Adolphe, on leaving that place, crossed the Himalaya, went over Tibet, Bal- 
tistan, and visited the interesting spot where several mountain crests meet, and the 
. Hindoo Koosh joins the range lying to the north of India. He then returned to the 
Punjab through the valley of Cashmere. > 
MM. Hermann and Robert proceeded to Ladak by different routes. Under good 
disguises, they were enabled to penetrate into Turkistan proper, by crossing the 
Karakoroom and the Kuenluen mountains and descending into the great valley of 
Yarkand, a region never visited before, not even by Marco Polo. It is a vast depres- 
sion of between 3000 and 4000 feet, separating the Kuenluen, on the northern fron- 
tier of the Himalaya—Tibetan system of mountains—from the Syan Chane, or the 
mountains of Central Asia, on the southern border of Russia. They then returned 
to Ladak, and entered the Punjab by different routes through Cashmere, where they 
again met all three, for a short time, at Rowulpiodee. ) 
From there, their routes were the following ones:— - 
After a two years’ negotiation, Mr. Hermann was, at the commencement of 1857, 
admitted into Nepaul, where he determined the altitudes of Mount Marhipoorha and 
