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3 TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 151 
Mount Yassa, which have hitherto been vaguely called the Dhawalagery, which means 
nothing else but “‘ snow crests,” and is applicable to all snow-capped mountains. 
Mr. Robert proceeded to Bombay through Scinde, Kutsch and Guzerat, where he 
_ surveyed the chain called the Salt Range, and determined the changes effected in 
_ the course of centuries in the bed and direction of several rivers. Before returning 
_ to Europe, he stayed a month in Ceylon. 
Mr. Adolphe visited various parts of the Punjab and of Cabul. He intended to 
__ return to Europe in a few months, when by the spreading out of the revolution in 
_ India this became impossible. He seems to have made the best of his time by re- 
_ turning on a more western route than his brothers to Yarkand, from where the last 
_ indirect news which have reached Europe are from July. 
; 
On some Human Races in India and Upper Asia. 
By HERMANN SCHLAGINTWEIT. 
The principal races of India are,— 
1. The Aborigines; they live now in various mountainous parts of India, for 
example in the small mountains in the south of Bengal, in Central India, in the 
' Nilgherries, &c. 
| 2. The Brahmins and their descendants by intermixture with original tribes of 
India. 
* 8. The Mohammedan Mongols, also crossed with the tribes 1 and 2. 
4. The Buddhist Mongols, who have kept themselves very pure. 
5. The Fetish-worshipers, likewise Mongols, and in the mountains between India 
and Burmah, almost as savage as the inhabitants of Australia. 
1. The Aborigines of India consist in India itself of the following tribes:—a. God. 
6. Bheels. c. Kols. d. Santals. e. Tudas. 
Another very numerous series of tribes, which are very similar to them physically, 
occur in Tartary, along the entire foot of the Himalaya. 
By the remarkably dark colour of their faces, by their thick, protruded lips, they 
approach very closely to the type of the Africans, especially in the lower part of the 
face. ‘They are essentially distinct from all the other tribes of India. Their fore- 
head is, however, usually far better formed than in the Africans. With regard to the 
separate parts of the skeleton also, these races are furthest removed from the Euro- 
ns. : 
_ ‘They are at a very low stage of civilization, and many of them have no written 
Janguage, at least at present. Their clothing is very miserable, consisting of a cloth 
wound round the loins; they have no covering for the feet, and, what is peculiarly 
characteristic, they alone, amongst all the inhabitants of India, are able to withstand 
the influence of the sun without any covering for the head. They live by breeding 
_ cattle, and by miserable husbandry in the uncultivable wildernesses of Central and 
Southern India, in small huts formed of twigs and branches of trees, which they have 
erected in open places which occur amongst the jungles. They also alone can endure 
_ the miasmatic air which is evolved during the rainy season in their forests, and which 
is so dangerous to all the other races of India. 
_ ‘Their natural shyness and timidity has been greatly increased by the haughty con- 
_ tempt with which they have been treated by the castes of the other inhabitants of 
India; not unfrequently they are seen to take flight into the thickest wilderness at 
__ the first glance of a European. 
j ae, The second principal class is formed by the Brahmins and their descendants, 
_ which are now best understood under the names of the Indian castes. 
_ The Brahmins and their descendants are divided into the four following great 
_ groups:—!. Brahmins. 2. Tschatrya, Chatrya. 3. Vhaysias. 4. Sudras. 
Each of these four principal groups includes a great number of castes, produced 
Gn the following manner :— 
___ When the Brahmins, who we will regard as a homogeneous tribe when they came 
_ rom the Himalaya to India, mixed with the tribes of the Autochthones of India, 
_-Bamely with the Gods, Santals, &c. ; their posterity formed a great number of castes, 
i 
