INDEX IT. 
thorough understanding of the root 
principle in the cultivation of trees, 98; 
on the remarkable result of an experi- 
ment upon a fruit-bearing tree, 100; 
on cottage gardening and labourer’s 
holdings, 166. 
Norwegian apatite, on the composition 
of, 59. 
Noyer (Geo. V. Du) on the remains of 
early stone-built fortresses and habita- 
tions in the county of Kerry, 148. 
Odling (W.) on the condition of Thames 
water as affected by London sewage, 
44; on the presence of copper in the 
tissues of plants and animals, 55; on 
the effects of alum in panification, ib. 
O’Donovan (John) on the physical cha- 
racteristics of the ancient Irish, 129; 
on the surnames of the Irish people, 
their meanings, and the various changes 
which they have undergone since the 
English invasion of Ireland, 130; on 
the intellectual characteristics of the 
ancient Irish, 2b. 
 Ogilby (W.) on the dispersion of domestic 
animals in connexion with the primary 
_ ethnological divisions of the human 
race, 105. 
_ Oldham (Thomas) on the districts already 
visited by the Geological Survey of 
India, 85. 
Old red sandstone, on fossil stems allied 
to Stigmaria, recently obtained from 
the upper beds of the, of Hook Point, 
69; on the, of South Wales, 73; new 
species of Eurypterus from the Here- 
fordshire, 93. 
O’Meara (Rev. E.) on the forms of Dia- 
tomacez found in chalk, 97. 
Oolitic district of Yorkshire, on the iron- 
stones in the, 89. 
Optical instruments, 4. 
Ordnance, on improvements in, 179. 
Organic bodies, on a more systematic 
nomenclature for, 45. 
Osborn (Capt. S.) on the sea of Azof, and 
the Sivash or Putrid Sea, 148. 
Ozone, on, 44, 58. 
Palzontological discovery in Tuscany, on 
the recent advances of, 79. 
Palestrini (A.) on the submarine electric 
_ telegraph cable, 189. 
Palinurus vulgaris, on the embryo state 
of, 102, 
Panification, on the effects of alum in, 
55. | 
Paper, on the conversion of, into parch- 
ment, 45, 
213 
Paradoxides in New England, on the dis- 
covery of, 89. 
Parchment, on the conversion of paper 
into, 45. 
Peach (Mr. C.) on the recent fossil dis- 
coveries of, 82. 
Peat, on the presence of several acids of 
the series C? H® O4, among the pro- 
ducts of the distillation of, 58; on the 
mode of rendering it economically 
available as fuel, and as a source of 
illuminating gas, 181. 
Peat gas, on illuminating, 51. 
Peat moss, on some of the medicinal 
and chemical properties of carbonized, 
58. 
Pennsylvania, on the geological survey 
of, 89. 
Penny (Rev. W. G.) on certain planetary 
perturbations, 27. 
Percussion lights, on the use of, for pre- 
venting collisions at sea, and on rail- 
ways, 181]. 
Peru, ethnological and antiquarian re- 
searches in, 121. 
Phillips (John) on the ironstones in the 
oolitic district of Yorkshire, 89; on the 
money grants of the British Associa- 
tion, 167. 
Phosphorus, organic, proportion of, in 
legumine, 60. 
Photography, notices of, 53, 
Physical characteristics, on the influence 
which they exert upon the language 
and mythology of a people, as a means 
of tracing the affinities of races, 153. 
Physics, 1. 
Physiology, 109. 
Pipes, on the flow of water through cir- 
cular, 189, 
Planetary perturbations, on certain, 27. 
Plants, on the assimilation of nitrogen 
by, 51; on the presence of copper in 
the tissues of, 55; on a process for the 
determination of the nitrates in, 58; 
on some variations of British, 96; on 
those which form the principal part of 
the Irish turf-bogs, 97; on the alter- 
nation of generations and parthenoge- 
nesis in, 113. 
‘ Plover’s’ winter-quarters at Point Bar- 
row, on the temperature of the air re- 
gistered at the, in the years 1852-54, 
37 
Pogson (Mr.), on the discovery of the 
asteroid No, 46, by, 31. 
Point Barrow, on the amount and fre- 
quency of the magnetic disturbances 
and of the aurora at, 14; on the tem- 
perature of the air registered at the 
