ON THE MOTIONS AND SOUNDS OF THE HEART. 169 
Third Experiment. 
A finger placed on the auri-ventricular opening externally 
experienced in the systole the same vibratory or jerking motion 
as would in diastole be felt over the aortics ; and to the eye the 
same motion was visible in the former during the first sound 
at its commencement, as at the arterial openings during the 
second sound (Cg.). 
Fourth Experiment. 
A blunt bistoury was introduced into the auri-ventricular 
opening through the auricle, and the tendons of the septal la- 
mina of the mitral were cut partially, when the flap of the first 
sound was impaired but not destroyed. 
On examining the heart were found several marks of perfo-: 
ration of the large arteries, anteriorly to the valves, and perfo- 
rations just at the opening of the coronary artery, but no valve 
‘was wounded. There were ecchymoses at the external mouths 
of the perforations, and attached to one wound was a clot witha 
fibrinous peduncle. On the surface of the right ventricle cor- 
responding to the infundibulum, the pericardium was injected 
and roughened by lymph, with several scratches and punc- 
tures ; the lymph was small in quantity and granular in appear- 
ance. A wound in the septum was plugged with lymph, as were 
all the flesh wounds in the interior of the heart. 
OBSERVATION V. 
June 29th.—Subject, a Donkey three months old. Half- 
past 7 a.m. Heart’s action quite normal. A tenaculum passed 
four inches from the sternum between the third and fourth 
ribs ; the handle having been lowered toward the spine, there 
was a whizzing heard with the first sound; but the second 
sound was only a little weakened. 
The whizz or blowing contined after the experiment with 
the systole, and after the flap of the valves ; but soon became 
intermittent, and gradually disappeared. 
June 30th. A fine canula was passed through the sternum 
an inch from the xiphoid cartilage, and about twelve ounces of 
warm water were injected; the cardiac sounds became pre- 
sently apparently distant, especially toward the sternum; on 
withdrawing the tube, the sounds were still distant with little 
impulse, but were otherwise normal, except that occasionally 
the systole was acompanied by blowing during embarrassed 
respiration. A tumour formed under the integuments of the 
_ sternum, through which the cardiac sounds were very faintly 
heard, and without impulse. 
