ON THE MOTIONS AND SOUNDS OF THE HEART. 199 
eye in systole ;—while in diastole the subsidence of the central 
parts, with sudden increase of the horizontal cross diameter and 
of the long diameter, were equally striking. No tilting of the 
apex as an independent part was noted, nor any other motion 
than such as might be explained fully by the fixity of the 
fundus through the vessels, and the sudden increase of the 
cross vertical diameter in systole, causing an elevation of the 
longitudinal or central axis, which was most sensible at the 
apex or free extremity. 
8.3. A glass tube was introduced into the cava with the 
termination directed towards the diaphragm, when a column 
of blood rose gradually without any jet until it reached the 
upper end nearly, when it ceased to advance, but continued 
stationary for some time, and at length receded slowly towards 
the middle of the tube. No sudden motion either upwards 
(as ex. gr. by auricular contraction) or downwards (as by dia- 
stolic suction) was observed. A gradual partial subsidence in 
the tube then followed, owing apparently to failure of impul- 
sive force in the moving powers of the venous circulation. 
S. 4. The heart was then cut out while yet contractile, and 
irritated by electro-magnetism and by pricking with scalpel, 
and to the satisfaction of every one present the columnz carnes 
were observed to contract and relax coincidently with the 
parietés. 
8.5. The ventricles were equal in capacity to the eye and 
hand post mortem cordis. 
OssERVATIONS XXIJ. and XXII. 
August 8.—T wo Dogs operated on; one a stout terrier, the 
other a mongrel bitch, both eighteen months to two years old. 
Phenomena : Second dog—Glass tube introduced into cava ; 
results variable, with probabie causations of fluctuation ;—au- 
ricles cease action first ;—columne carnee irritated alternately 
with neighbouring paris of parietes, and results ;—confirmation 
_ of former observations respecting the mechanism of heart's 
action and the equality of the cavities during life. 
In the former animal the operation failed, owing to not hay- 
_ ing established artificial breathing in time. 
In the dog the following results were obtained. Having 
been prepared by stunning and tracheotomy, with a view to 
artificial respiration, the heart was exposed, and found beating 
with energy, exhibiting the usual motions and sounds. 
8. 1. A curved glass tube was introduced into the cava in- 
ferior, and immediately a column of blood was observed, which, 
after ascending some way steadily, and during several beats of the 
