TRANSACTIONS OF THE SECTIONS. 61 



aWy either upon the Jurassic limestones, or upon the shales at their base, the inter- 

 mediate subdivisions being absent. Upon these beds repose the Upper Cretaceous, 

 composed of shales (probably equivalent to the Gault), Upper greensand, Chalk marl, 

 and White chalk. On the eastern coast the Hippuritic and Senonian subdivisions 

 rest immediately on the disturbed Jurassic beds, the intermediate subdivisions being 

 absent. The Cretaceous series does not ocoipy much space in the Crimea, being 

 enclosed between the nummulitic deposits and the Jurassic limestone, taking the same 

 direction, and extending from KafTa to Cape Chersonese on the south-west coast. The 

 soft calcareous rock of Inkermann, from which the beautiful white stone used in con- 

 structing most of the public buildings of Sevastopol was obtained, is very easily 

 worked, but becomes harder and more durable by exposure to the atmosphere. From 

 comparison of its fossils, it appears to be identical with the Upper chalk. 



The Lower Tertiarj' or Eocene is represented by the Nummulitic formation, which, 

 like the cretaceous series, is elevated by the mountainous region of the coast, and dis- 

 posed in long bands following its contour. This formation commences in the environs 

 of Theodosia, continuing to the north, near to Karas-ubazar, Simferopol, and Baktchi 

 Serai, terminating at the south-west coast near Sevastopol. 



The Upper Tertiary formation includes the older and newer Caspian or Steppe 

 limestone, the former of wliich subdivisions, or older Caspian, occupies the northern 

 and greater portion of the peninsula at Eupatoria, Sevastopol, &c., including the 

 chief limestones round Kertch, and the deposits of the cliffs of Kamiesch Boroun 

 and Taman. These limestones and sands, associated in some localities with volcanic 

 ashes, tufa, &c., occur in various conditions as shelly and oolitic limestones of marine 

 and freshwater origin, being more or less fossiliferous. The Heracleotic Chersonesus 

 is, as it were, a shred of the Steppe limestone ; the Bay of Sevastopol exhibiting a 

 succession of formations from the most recent of these tertiaries through the nummu- 

 litic limestone and chalk. The newer Caspian occupies the still more northern extre- 

 mity of the Crimea, extending to Perekop, Kherson, and the shores of the Sea of Azof. 

 The environs of Kertch and Taman are the most favourable localities to observe its 

 characters, and here the fossils are in good preservation. The existence of coal has 

 been often rumoured, but on examination the supposed coal has proved to be lignite 

 of very ordinary quality. 



Deposits of hydrate and phosphate of iron have been met with near to Kertch, 

 Taman, and other parts of the Crimea. A foundry was formerly established near 

 Kertch, and the iron was worked by M. GouriefE From an analysis by Hussein 

 Effendi, of the Government School of Mines, it gave but 19-234 per cent. 



After describing the new species, the following summary of fossils collected from 

 each formation was read, viz. : — 



Lower Secondary — Jurassic Group. 



Known New 

 sijecies. species. Total. 



Amorphozoa 1 1 



Zoophyta 10 10 



Echinodermata 4? ? 9 



MoUusca: Brachiopoda 7 4 11 



Conchifera 6 2 8 



Gasteropoda 1 1 2 



Cephalopoda 15 15 



43 8 56 



Upper Secondary — Cretaceous Group. 



Amorphozoa 5 



Zoophyta 11 



Echinodermata 9 



Polyzoa 8 



Brachiopoda 14 



Conchifera 49 



Gasteropoda 9 



Cephalopoda 19 



Total — 124 



